防止动物传染病传播的政策:对评估证据的系统范围审查
Chloe Clifford Astbury1,2,3, Kirsten M Lee1,2, Ryan Mcleod1
1School of Global Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Globalization and health
|November 8, 2023
概括
本次审查确定了27项公共政策,以防止动物传染病的溢出,强调跨部门合作和监测数据. 进一步的研究应该评估上游的决定因素,如土地使用和动物福利,以加强动物传播疾病的预防.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 一个健康,一个健康.
背景情况:
- 新兴的动物源传染病构成了全球健康的重大威胁.
- 加快全球化加剧了制流行病和大流行病的风险和困难.
- 有效的预防性干预对于减少动物传染病溢出事件至关重要,公共政策发挥着至关重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 系统地识别和描述旨在防止动物传染病传播的公共政策的评估.
- 采用"一个健康"的观点,认识到人类,动物和环境健康的相互联系.
主要方法:
- 在2021年5月进行了系统范围审查,搜索主要数据库 (Medline,SCOPUS,科学网,全球健康).
- 搜索术语结合了动物健康,动物与人类的界面,公共政策,预防和动物病.
- 针对动物性传染病溢出预防的公共政策评估是有资格的,数据总结,并沿着溢出途径绘制政策,遵守PRISMA-ScR指南.
主要成果:
- 确定了95份评估111项政策的出版物,揭示了27个独特的政策选择.
- 这些政策包括息地保护,贸易法规,生物安全措施,公共信息宣传活动和疫苗接种计划.
- 实施跨越多个部门,强调了动物传染病溢出预防的跨部门性质,工业和私营部门是主要的实施者.
结论:
- 该审查提供了预防动物传播疾病的政策的证据概述,以指导决策和研究.
- 大多数当前的评估集中在"下游"的决定因素;未来的研究应该解决"上游"的因素,如土地使用变化.
- 建议对影响感染强度和病原体散射的政策进行评估,例如有关动物福利的政策,以进行未来的研究.
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