更好地了解女性和男性驾驶违法者的行为:心理资源和脆弱性很重要!
Marion Karras1, Patricia Delhomme2, Antonia Csillik3
1Université Paris Nanterre, Laboratoire CLIPSYD, Nanterre F-92000, France.
Accident; analysis and prevention
|November 9, 2023
概括
女性和男性驾驶违法者表现出不同的心理特征. 正念是一种保护因素,而愤怒的表达增加了两种性别的危险驾驶行为.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 交通安全 交通安全
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 驾驶风险承担传统上与男性有关.
- 近年来,法国女性驾驶员的驾驶违规行为增加了.
- 了解犯人心理对于有效的驾驶员康复至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在法国的康复计划中探索男性和女性驾驶违法者的驾驶行为,心理资源和脆弱性.
- 为了确定心理因素如何预测违规行为,分散注意力的驾驶活动,以及两性亲社会驾驶行为.
- 确定驾驶违法者心理形象的性别特异性差异.
主要方法:
- 在110个康复计划中,对1686名驾驶违法者 (22.4%为女性) 进行了纸笔问卷调查.
- 收集的数据包括人口统计信息,驾驶史和心理评估.
- 统计分析包括回归和适度分析,以检查驾驶行为的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 女性犯罪者受过更高的教育,离婚/分居,每年开车的里程更少,并且比男性有更少的缺点点.
- 与男性相比,女性表现出更高的同情心,但也表现出更大的冲动性,更低的自我同情心和更低的正念.
- 正念是一种保护因素,减少了危险的行为和增加了亲社会驾驶,而积极的愤怒表达在两性之间产生了相反的效果.
结论:
- 像正念这样的心理资源可以减轻违法者危险的驾驶行为.
- 攻击性愤怒表达等脆弱性与危险驾驶的增加有关.
- 这些发现提高了对驾驶违法者行为的理解,并为高风险人群的预防策略提供了信息.
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