私人演讲改善了年轻人的认知表现
1University of California, San Diego, United States.
Consciousness and cognition
|November 9, 2023
概括
使用私人演讲或与自己交谈,可以提高年轻人的认知表现,特别是在工作记忆任务上. 这种自我谈话策略与保持沉默相比,提高了任务的成功率.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 私人演讲,定义为自我指导的语言化,已被理论化为帮助认知过程.
- 以前的研究主要集中在儿童的私人言论上,对其在年轻人中的作用的关注较少.
- 了解私人演讲在认知任务中的功能对于教育和治疗应用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查年轻成年人私人言语使用和认知表现之间的关系.
- 建立私人演讲和在视觉空间工作记忆任务中提高表现之间的因果关系.
- 探索任务困难是否能缓和私人演讲的影响,并确定与其益处相关的个体差异.
主要方法:
- 103名年轻成年人在两个条件下完成了视觉空间工作记忆任务:私人演讲 (大声说话) 和安静 (沉默).
- 私人话语使用量是通过任务期间的自我谈话量来衡量的.
- 通过改变图像标签性来操纵任务难度;自我报告的日常私人话语使用也被评估.
主要成果:
- 参与者在具有更高私人语音产生的试验中表现优越.
- 在私人演讲条件下的表现明显好于在安静条件下的表现,从而确定了因果关系.
- 私人演讲的好处不受任务难度的影响,但在那些在任务期间和日常生活中更多地使用私人演讲进行自我管理的人群中是最大的.
结论:
- 私人演讲作为一种认知工具,可以提高年轻人的挑战性任务的表现,例如视觉空间工作记忆.
- 这些发现支持私人演讲在自我调节和认知控制中的作用,并将其已知的好处延伸到童年以后.
- 这些结果对在教育和教学环境中利用私人演讲策略有重大影响,以改善学习和任务绩效.
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