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自免疫性肝炎:病理生理学

Zhou Yuming¹, Tang Ruqi¹, Merrill Eric Gershwin²

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China.

Clinics in liver disease

|November 9, 2023

概括

遗传因素和肠道微生物组的改变增加了自身免疫性肝炎 (AIH) 的易感性. 免疫细胞的失衡和特定的细菌变化有助于AIH患者的肝损伤.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
遗传学遗传学是一个
微生物组研究的研究.

背景情况:

自身免疫性肝炎 (AIH) 是一种慢性肝病,其特征是肝细胞的破坏.
遗传倾向和免疫失调是AIH病变发生的关键因素.

研究的目的:

确定与AIH易感性相关的遗传和微生物因素.
阐明免疫细胞失衡和肠道微生物组改变在AIH中的作用.

主要方法:

全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 以确定风险基因.
对AIH患者肠道微生物组合的分析.
审查最近关于微生物在肝脏自身免疫力中的作用的证据.

主要成果:

HLA基因 (例如,HLA-DRB*0301,HLA-DRB*0401,HLA-B*3501) 和非HLA基因 (CD28/CTLA4/ICOS,SYNPR) 与AIH敏感性有关.
AIH患者表现出肠道微生物群多样性的减少,Bifidobacterium减少,Veillonella和Faecalibacterium增加.
促炎和免疫抑制细胞之间的不平衡,特别是Tregs和Th17细胞,有助于肝细胞损伤.
像E. gallinarum和L. reuteri这样的特定细菌可能会诱导肝脏自身免疫.

结论:

遗传和微生物因素协同促进AIH的发病.
肠道功能失调和免疫细胞失衡对AIH的发展和进展至关重要.
准微生物和免疫通路可能为AIH提供新的治疗策略.

关键词:

自动抗体是一种自身抗体.自体免疫性肝炎是一种自身免疫性肝炎.这是一种自身免疫力.免疫调节免疫调节微生物组是一个微生物组.分子模拟分子模拟学在T细胞,T细胞.

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