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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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自免疫性肝炎:病理生理学

Zhou Yuming1, Tang Ruqi1, Merrill Eric Gershwin2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China.

Clinics in liver disease
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

遗传因素和肠道微生物组的改变增加了自身免疫性肝炎 (AIH) 的易感性. 免疫细胞的失衡和特定的细菌变化有助于AIH患者的肝损伤.

关键词:
自动抗体是一种自身抗体.自体免疫性肝炎是一种自身免疫性肝炎.这是一种自身免疫力.免疫调节 免疫调节微生物组是一个微生物组.分子模拟分子模拟学在T细胞,T细胞.

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
  • 微生物组研究的研究.

背景情况:

  • 自身免疫性肝炎 (AIH) 是一种慢性肝病,其特征是肝细胞的破坏.
  • 遗传倾向和免疫失调是AIH病变发生的关键因素.

研究的目的:

  • 确定与AIH易感性相关的遗传和微生物因素.
  • 阐明免疫细胞失衡和肠道微生物组改变在AIH中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 以确定风险基因.
  • 对AIH患者肠道微生物组合的分析.
  • 审查最近关于微生物在肝脏自身免疫力中的作用的证据.

主要成果:

  • HLA基因 (例如,HLA-DRB*0301,HLA-DRB*0401,HLA-B*3501) 和非HLA基因 (CD28/CTLA4/ICOS,SYNPR) 与AIH敏感性有关.
  • AIH患者表现出肠道微生物群多样性的减少,Bifidobacterium减少,Veillonella和Faecalibacterium增加.
  • 促炎和免疫抑制细胞之间的不平衡,特别是Tregs和Th17细胞,有助于肝细胞损伤.
  • 像E. gallinarum和L. reuteri这样的特定细菌可能会诱导肝脏自身免疫.

结论:

  • 遗传和微生物因素协同促进AIH的发病.
  • 肠道功能失调和免疫细胞失衡对AIH的发展和进展至关重要.
  • 准微生物和免疫通路可能为AIH提供新的治疗策略.