对认知的需求与偏好更高的任务负载有关,在努力折扣中
Josephine Zerna1, Christoph Scheffel2, Corinna Kührt2
1Chair for Differential and Personality Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, Dresden, 01069, Germany. josephine.zerna@tu-dresden.de.
Scientific reports
|November 9, 2023
概括
新的认知和情感折扣 (CAD) 范式量化了认知任务的主观价值 (SV),考虑了个人的努力感知. 它揭示了更高的认知需求得分与喜欢更困难的任务相关.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 决策研究 决策研究
- 个体在动机上的差异.
背景情况:
- 目标设定包括平衡主观价值 (SV) 与努力,这是心理学研究的一个关键领域.
- 现有的认知努力折扣范式假定任务难度和SV之间存在反向关系,未能捕捉到个人的努力感知差异.
- 像需要认知 (Need for Cognition) 这样的特征会影响个人如何感知和重视艰苦的认知任务,需要更细致的方法.
研究的目的:
- 引入和验证认知和情感折扣 (CAD) 范式,这是认知努力折扣范式的调整.
- 量化认知任务的主观值 (SVs),而不假设对更容易的任务有偏好.
- 研究个体特征的影响,如认知需求,对努力感知和任务SVs的影响.
主要方法:
- 复制的韦斯特布鲁克等人. (2013) 使用调整的认知和情感折扣 (CAD) 范式,共有116名参与者.
- 对不同程度的认知任务难度进行主观值 (SV) 的评估,允许非线性关系.
- 测量个人的认知需求得分,并分析它们对SV和努力感知的影响.
主要成果:
- 许多参与者更喜欢更困难的认知任务,挑战了逆向难度-SV关系的假设.
- 任务准确性和n-back水平的物流对比度下降是SV差异的显著预测因素.
- 更高的认知需求得分与认为更高的n-back水平不那么费力和不那么厌恶有关.
结论:
- 认知和情感折扣 (CAD) 范式有效地评估了独立于假定的客观难度的任务偏好.
- 个人差异,特别是认知需求,显著调节了认知任务中对努力和主观价值的感知.
- 这些发现强调了在理解基于努力的决策过程中考虑个体特征的重要性.
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