森林恢复和减少燃料的工作:在塞拉内华达山脉取得成功的不同途径
Scott L Stephens1, Daniel E Foster1, John J Battles1
1Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
概括
机械处理和规定的火可以恢复加利福尼亚州.
科学领域:
- 林业和生态恢复 林业和生态恢复
- 火灾生态学和管理
- 生态系统的气候变化适应.
背景情况:
- 加利福尼亚州经常发生火灾的森林已经被灭火和伐木所改变.
- 这些变化增加了对野火,干旱和树皮甲虫的脆弱性,气候变化加剧了这种脆弱性.
- 森林恢复旨在通过积极管理来减轻这些风险.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估机械治疗 (Mech),处方火 (Fire) 和组合治疗 (Mech + Fire) 在20年的有效性.
- 量化森林结构,燃料负载,火灾行为,竞争和经济方面的变化.
- 评估不同恢复策略的长期性和财务可行性.
主要方法:
- 在内华达山脉北部进行了一项为期20年的森林恢复研究.
- 森林结构,组成和燃料负载的量化变化.
- 模拟了火灾行为,并评估了树木间的竞争和经济结果.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,所有活性处理 (火,机械,机械+火) 都增加了野火抵抗力.
- 包括规定的火 (火,机械 + 火) 在内的处理产生了最低的燃料负载和模拟的火灾危险.
- 机械处理 (Mech) 在减少火灾危险方面显示出积极的收入和投资回报.
- 机械 + 火灾处理最好复制历史森林竞争模式,增强弹性.
结论:
- 机械处理与规定的消防相结合,在财务可行性和生态恢复目标之间提供了平衡.
- 仅靠机械处理可以在经济上是可行的,并且可以有效地减少火灾危险.
- 持续积极管理,整合土著知识,对于长期的森林保护和适应性至关重要.
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