在独特的COVID-19疫情浪潮期间的鼻性SARS-CoV-2感染和死亡率
Nishi Dave1, Daniel Sjöholm2, Pontus Hedberg1,3
1Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
JAMA network open
|November 10, 2023
概括
在疫情初期,鼻性SARS-CoV-2感染导致死亡率较高,但随着疫苗接种和Omicron变种,死亡率下降. 当人口免疫力较低时,持续的感染控制至关重要.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 量化医院感染的SARS-CoV-2感染和死亡率对于有效的感染预防至关重要.
- 了解传播动态和死亡风险对于医疗保健政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查医院获得的SARS-CoV-2感染的发生率.
- 确定瑞典斯德哥尔摩地区与这些感染相关的30天死亡率.
主要方法:
- 一项回顾性,匹配的队列研究分析了从2020年3月到2022年9月的50万多例住院病例.
- 鼻性SARS-CoV-2感染被定义为在入院后至少8天或出院后2天内呈阳性PCR测试.
- 考克斯比例危险回归被用来分析30天死亡率,调整人口统计学和临床因素.
主要成果:
- 病房性SARS-CoV-2的发病率为每1000个患者日中的1.57.
- 在疫苗接种前期 (AHR 2.97) 的30天死亡率明显高于后期的死亡率.
- 接种疫苗 (≥2剂) 与患有医院感染的患者30天死亡率降低有关 (AHR 0.64).
结论:
- 医院获得的SARS-CoV-2感染与30天死亡率的增加有关,特别是在早期的流行病阶段.
- 随着疫苗接种的推广和Omicron变种的出现,死亡风险下降.
- 强有力的感染预防和控制措施仍然至关重要,特别是在人口免疫力较低的时期.
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