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可诱导防御的局部和区域地理变化

James J Corbett¹, Geoffrey C Trussell¹

¹Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences and Coastal Sustainability Institute, Northeastern University, Nahant, Massachusetts, USA.

|November 10, 2023

概括

作为对入侵绿的反应,本地牛开发了更厚的外,尽管有不同的接触史,但在不同地区显示出一致的可诱导防御. 这表明海洋变暖等环境因素可能会影响牛的防御策略.

科学领域:

生态生态学生态生态学
进化生物学进化生物学
海洋生物学海洋生物学

背景情况:

侵入性捕食者驱动着本地猎物的进化变化.
捕食者入侵表现出时空空间异质性,导致不同的猎物反应.
了解诱导防御需要区域人口复制.

研究的目的:

检查海 (Littorina obtusata) 的可诱导防御的局部和区域差异.
评估牛对入侵绿 (Carcinus maenas) 的反应,以及不同地区不同接触史的风险线索.
研究地理变化和环境因素对诱导防御表达的影响.

主要方法:

研究了缅因湾两个地区的12个本地牛种群,有不同的绿接触史.
暴露于绿的牛在田野中的风险线索持续了90天.
测量了外厚度和组织质量的变化,作为诱导防御的指标.

主要成果:

牛在暴露于风险线索时表现出塑料增长的外厚度,降低了脆弱性.
两个地区的牛种群表现出相似的外厚度和可塑性,尽管接触历史不同.
观察到初始幼外厚度的地理差异,可能与海洋温度升温和逆梯度变化有关.

结论:

在Littorina obtusata中,诱导性防御表达在不同地区是相似的,尽管有不同的侵入性捕食者接触.
海洋温度的升温和逆梯度变化可能解释了外厚度的表型相似性.
南方牛种群在长时间接触绿时,表现出较厚的的成本降低 (组织质量减少),支持可塑性理论.

关键词:

卡辛乌斯·梅纳斯 (Carcinus maenas) 是一个主要的癌症.在Littorina obtusata中发现.反梯度变化的反梯度变化可以诱导的防御.侵入性物种是一种入侵性物种.海洋变暖海洋变暖现型性可塑性现型性可塑性掠食性类是一种掠食性.区域和地方规模的区域和地方规模.权衡权衡权衡权衡权衡权

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