印度结核病感染的流行率和相关因素
Sriram Selvaraju1, Banurekha Velayutham1, Raghuram Rao2
1ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.
Journal of infection and public health
|November 10, 2023
概括
印度大约22.6%的成年人感染了结核病 (TB). 结核病感染的危险因素包括男性,30岁以上,居住在城市地区,或有结核病病史.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 结核病 (TB) 疾病的风险在结核病感染的个体中较高.
- 在像印度这样的结核病流行国家,了解结核病感染在人口层面的负担至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计整个印度的结核病感染率.
- 在印度人口中识别与结核病感染相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 来自印度国家结核病流行调查的15岁以上个体的分析.
- 使用QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) 试验诊断的结核病感染 (如果 >0.35 IU/ml,则为阳性).
- 使用95%置信区间 (CI) 计算流行率,流行率 (PR) 和调整风险比率 (aRR).
主要成果:
- 在16864名分析个体中,结核病感染的总流行率为22.6% (95% CI:19.4-25.8).
- 与较高的结核病感染风险显著相关的因素包括30岁以上的年龄 (aRR: 1.49),男性 (aRR: 1.26),居住在城市地区 (aRR: 1.58),以及过去的结核病病史 (aRR: 1.49).
结论:
- 大约四分之一的受研究的印度人口 (22.6%) 患有结核病感染.
- 针对性预防干预和密切监测对于降低印度结核病负担至关重要,重点关注已确定的高风险群体.
相关概念视频
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
246
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
246
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
144
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
144
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
183
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
183
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
339
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
339
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
243
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
243
Prevalence and Incidence
579
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
579


