谁受益于残疾人的基本养老保险缴费补贴政策?
Xiang Zhang1, Dongwen Li2, Peng Zhan3
1School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China; Center of Social Welfare and Governance of Zhejiang University, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Social science & medicine (1982)
|November 10, 2023
概括
在中国,残疾人基本养老保险 (BOI) 缴费补贴往往是由非残疾人继承或索取的. 这导致PWDs的福利损失,表明需要进行政策改革.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 中国的基本养老保险 (BOI) 政策旨在支持残疾人.
- 补贴政策的预期受益者与实际受益者之间存在着明显的不一致.
- PWDs通常具有较低的预期寿命和收入,目前的补贴结构可能无法充分解决这些问题.
研究的目的:
- 量化BOI捐款补贴的"泄漏率",用于PWDs.
- 评估这些补贴在多大程度上被继承人继承或被非残疾参与者要求.
- 评估目前BOI对PWDs的补贴政策的有效性和公平性.
主要方法:
- 应用精算模型来计算补贴泄漏.
- 在中国K省 (2015年) 使用一般人口和PWDs的生命表数据.
- 根据各种记账利率和折扣率进行分析,以确定补贴分配.
主要成果:
- 对于PWDs的BOI捐款补贴的很大一部分是继承人继承的 (35.27%-61.26%来自个人账户).
- 从合并账户中获得的补贴的很大一部分受益于非残疾参与者 (18.21%-68.74%).
- 目前的政策没有充分考虑PWD的预期寿命缩短和收入降低,导致福利损失.
结论:
- 对PWDs的BOI捐款补贴政策不公平,导致福利损失.
- 该政策未能有效地将好处转向预期的受益人.
- 建议用非贡献性养老金政策取代PWD,以确保足够的支持.
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