斑马鱼的paralog six2b是早期近位前形态发生的必要条件
Beau Belcher1, Justin Vestal2, Samuel Lane1
1Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, USA.
Scientific reports
|November 11, 2023
概括
转录因子Six2对于脏发育至关重要. 斑马鱼的研究表明,Six2b对于形成近道管,脏的关键部分至关重要,这表明它在生过程中发挥着保留作用.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
背景情况:
- 转录因子Six2对于在发育过程中维持前代帽介质细胞 (CM) 是至关重要的.
- 在离开CM池的分化细胞中检测到Six2表达,但其在分化中的作用尚不清楚.
- 斑马鱼的前性脏提供了一个模型来研究脏从中间介质皮的发育.
研究的目的:
- 研究six2b在斑马鱼前管发育和分化中的功能.
- 为了确定Six2是否在生和近接管道形态发生中起着保留作用.
主要方法:
- 用斑马鱼作为模型生物来研究pronephric脏发育.
- 采用了morpholino knock-down和CRISPR/Cas9突变发生,以破坏six2b的功能.
- 在化后48小时分析了pronephric管道形态发生在形态生物和突变动物中.
- 通过检查six2b突变体中的six2a表达,研究了潜在的遗传补偿.
主要成果:
- 六2b的表达模式与pronephros形成中的作用一致.
- 在six2b形态生物和突变物中观察到破坏的pronephric管道形态发生.
- 发现了补偿的证据,在six2b突变中增加了six2a表达.
- F0鲜的胚胎表现出类似于形态变异和稳定突变的表型,证实了six2b的功能.
结论:
- 在斑马鱼pronephros. proximal元素的发展中,Six2b起着功能性作用.
- 这项研究表明,Six2在物种间的生过程中扮演着保留的角色.
- 在发育过程中,Six2参与了近道管的形态发生.
相关概念视频
01:33Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
02:02Cis-regulatory Sequences
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
02:28Leaky Scanning
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
02:37Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
02:32Exon Recombination
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
01:39Mechanism of Filopodia Formation
Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...