减少全球不平等增加了地方合作:一个简单的群体选择模型,具有全球外部效应
Karolina Safarzynska1, Paul E Smaldino2,3
1Faculty of Economic Sciences, Warsaw University, Długa 44/50, 00-241 Warsaw, Poland.
概括
全球外部因素可以促进合作,但只有当它们有利于穷人或不利于富人时. 对穷人的伤害破坏了亲社会行为的进化,这对于气候变化适应至关重要.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 环境科学环境科学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
背景情况:
- 群体结构模型通过个人和群体选择来解释亲社会行为.
- 现有的模型往往忽略了超越群体界限的后果,例如影响全球环境变量行为的行为.
- 气候变化和生态系统脆弱性是受集体行动影响的全球环境问题的例子.
研究的目的:
- 提出和分析一个包含全球外部性的多层次选择模型.
- 调查合作行动的全球后果如何影响亲社会行为的演变.
- 检查具有均或不均分布的全球外部性影响的场景,特别是对不同社会经济群体的影响.
主要方法:
- 开发一个简单的多层次选择模型.
- 使用模拟来探索全球外部性分布的各种场景.
- 分析当外部因素对富人或穷人产生不成比例的影响时,合作是如何受到影响的.
主要成果:
- 全球外部性只有当它们不成比例地使穷人受益或减少富人的回报时,才能促进合作.
- 如果说全球外部因素主要伤害穷人,那么它们也会破坏社会行为进化的发展.
- 全球外部性影响的分布显著调节了合作的演变.
结论:
- 全球外部效应对合作的影响取决于这些外部效应如何在社会经济群体之间分布.
- 了解全球环境变化对弱势群体的不同影响,对于促进可持续的社会行为至关重要.
- 这项研究强调了社会困境,群体动态和全球环境挑战的相互联系.
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