在低收入和中等收入国家减少母婴营养不良的基于证据的干预措施:系统性审查
Shivani Shenoy1, Priyanka Sharma1, Aishwarya Rao1
1Department of Global and Enviromental Health, NYU School of Global Public Health, New York, NY, United States.
低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的孕产妇营养不良使死亡风险增加一倍. 基于证据的干预措施 (EBI) 是有希望的,但需要更好的实施策略和整合到更广泛的健康计划中,以减少孕产妇死亡率.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 孕产妇健康 孕产妇健康
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 承受着不成比例的孕产妇死亡负担,营养不良是其中一个关键因素.
- 营养不良的孕妇面临两倍的死亡风险,95%的孕产妇死亡发生在LMICs.
- 迫切需要基于证据的干预措施 (EBI) 来打击孕产妇营养不良,并在资源有限的环境中降低死亡率.
研究的目的:
- 评估EBI的可行性,采用性,可持续性和成本效益,用于LMICs的孕产妇营养不良.
- 确定这些干预措施成功实施的障碍和促进因素.
主要方法:
- 从2003年到2022年,在八个数据库中进行了全面的文献搜索,重点关注LMICs.
- 最初的搜索结果是149篇研究;重复的文章被删除,63篇全文文章被选.
- 最终选择了六篇专注于补充干预的文章进行详细审查.
主要成果:
- 干预措施主要集中在补充剂上,但由于监测,评估和医疗保健专业人员培训不足,有效实施仍不明确.
- 包括文化细微差别,公众信任,错误信息和对不良影响的担忧在内的上下文因素显著影响了计划的成功.
- 对实施策略的有限理解阻碍了EBI的全部潜力.
结论:
- 基于证据的干预措施有望减少孕产妇营养不良,但需要改进实施战略.
- 成功地融入更广泛的卫生计划,解决粮食不安全和疾病预防问题,对于最大限度地提高EBI的影响至关重要.
- 解决背景因素和提高医疗保健专业能力对于可持续和有效的减少孕产妇营养不良的计划至关重要.
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