直立面部感知的发展取决于演变的定向特异性机制和经验
Brad Duchaine1, Constantin Rezlescu2, Lúcia Garrido3
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
iScience
|November 13, 2023
概括
人类的面部感知依赖于天生的机制和学习经验. 一个独特的案例研究揭示了,虽然基本的面部识别在很大程度上是天生的,但处理像"Thatcherized"效应这样的操纵面部是由视觉体验塑造的.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 人类的感知 人类的感知
- 视觉处理 视觉处理
背景情况:
- 人类识别直立面孔的能力非常强大.
- 仍然有争议的是,这种能力是否源于进化的,定向特异性的神经机制,还是对直立面部的广泛视觉体验.
研究的目的:
- 调查进化机制与直立面部感知经验的贡献.
- 用一个独特的案例研究来理解面部识别的神经基础.
主要方法:
- 进行了一个个体 (Claudio) 的案例研究,该个体患有导致异常头部方向的先天性疾病.
- 克劳迪奥的面部感知能力与使用检测和身份匹配任务的对照参与者进行了比较,用于直立,倒置和"Thatcherized"的面部.
主要成果:
- 克劳迪奥在检测和识别任务中对标准直立与倒置的面部没有表现出反转效应,与对照组不同.
- 克劳迪奥 (Claudio) 对"塔切里化"的面孔显示出明显的直立优势效应,这表明经验的作用.
- 对照组的参与者始终在各个任务中表现出很大的反转效应.
结论:
- 基本的直立面部感知严重依赖于进化,定向特定的机制.
- 经验在处理具有操纵特征的面部方面发挥着更重要的作用,例如"Thatcherized"效应.
- 天生的因素和视觉体验都对全面的直立面部识别至关重要.
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