人工智能超现实主义:为什么人工智能面孔被认为比人类更真实
Elizabeth J Miller1, Ben A Steward1, Zak Witkower2
1School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University.
Psychological science
|November 13, 2023
概括
白色AI面孔被认为比人类面孔更真实,这种现象被称为AI超现实主义. 这是因为人工智能算法被训练在有偏见的数据上,导致对面部属性的误解.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
- 计算机视觉 计算机视觉
背景情况:
- 人工智能产生的面孔越来越现实,难以与人类面孔区分.
- 目前的人工智能面部生成算法表现出偏见,在白色面孔上受过不成比例的训练.
- 这种偏见可能会导致人工智能生成的白色面孔看起来非常现实.
研究的目的:
- 调查AI超现实主义现象,人工智能生成的白色面孔被认为比实际的人脸更人性化.
- 探索宁-克鲁格效应在人工智能生成面部错误判断中的作用.
- 识别有助于AI超现实性的特定面部属性,并探索它们在基于机器学习的 debiasing 的潜力.
主要方法:
- 实验1涉及124名成年人,他们评估了人工智能产生的和人类白色面孔的现实性,并重新分析了现有数据.
- 实验2使用了面部空间理论和610名成年人的定性参与者报告,以识别明显的面部特征.
- 机器学习被用来评估识别的属性的准确性,以区分人工智能和人类面孔.
主要成果:
- 白色的人工智能面孔比实际的人类面孔 (AI超现实主义) 更频繁地被认为是人类.
- 判断面部错误最多的参与者表现出最高的信心,证明了宁-克鲁格效应.
- 确定了关键的面部属性,虽然被人类误解,但在机器学习分类中允许高精度.
结论:
- 心理学理论可以增强对人工智能产生的输出及其感知的理解.
- 识别的面部特征和心理效应提供了对人工智能算法的基础.
- 研究结果支持人工智能在面部生成中的道德发展和部署.
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