在纽约市的过量预防,犯罪和混乱中心
Aaron Chalfin1, Brandon Del Pozo2, David Mitre-Becerril3
1National Bureau of Economic Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
JAMA network open
|November 13, 2023
概括
美国首个过量预防中心 (OPC) 在纽约市的开放与犯罪或混乱的增加无关. 这项研究表明,OPC可以在没有负面公共安全结果的情况下实施.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 城市政策 城市政策
背景情况:
- 在美国建立政府批准的过量预防中心 (OPC),从2021年11月的纽约市开始,面临政治挑战,因为人们担心犯罪和混乱的潜在增加.
- 了解OPC对当地犯罪和混乱的影响对于公共卫生政策和城市规划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定在美国引入前两个政府批准的OPC是否与犯罪和混乱的变化有关.
- 提供经验证据,为正在进行的关于OPC实施的辩论和政策决策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 使用差异对差异的波桑回归分析来比较犯罪数据,紧急呼叫,骚扰投诉和警察执法活动.
- 该研究检查了2019年1月1日至2022年12月31日的数据,将纽约两家OPC周围的地区与17个没有过量预防服务的可比注射器服务计划进行了比较.
- 关键指标包括报告的犯罪,因持有毒品和武器而被捕,911和311电话以及在直接和更广泛的邻里地区的刑事法庭传票.
主要成果:
- 在暴力犯罪,财产犯罪,犯罪或医疗事件的911电话以及与使用毒品或OPC附近的不卫生条件有关的311个电话中没有观察到统计学上显著的变化.
- 在低级别的毒品执法方面发现了显著的下降,因持有毒品而被捕的数量大幅减少 (82.7%的附近地区,74.5%的社区) 和刑事法庭传票 (87.9%的附近地区,59.7%的社区).
- 这些执法减少与城市对OPCs的支持一致,可能表明政策是为了避免通过逮捕恐惧来阻止客户.
结论:
- 美国政府批准的前两项OPC的实施与犯罪或混乱的显著增加无关.
- 调查结果表明,OPC的扩张可以有效地管理,表明它们的建立不一定会导致负面的公共安全结果.
- 这项研究提供了支持OPC在不影响社区安全的情况下融入城市环境的证据.
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