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相关概念视频

The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

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The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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孕产妇的怀孕和早产时间过早.

Xiaoning Huang1, Kristen Lee2, Michael C Wang3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

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|November 13, 2023
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概括

与美国出生的个人相比,非美国出生的个体的早产率较低. 然而,在不同种族和种族群体中观察到早产率的显著变化,特别是在亚洲和西班牙裔子群体中.

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科学领域:

  • 产科和妇科 产科和妇科
  • 围产期流行病学 围产期流行病学
  • 公共卫生 公共卫生

背景情况:

  • 过早分娩显著导致新生儿发病率和死亡率.
  • 在母亲的种族和种族群体中,早产率存在差异.
  • 虽然非美国出生的个人可能会经历更少的产科并发症,但早产的出生,种族和种族的相互作用是研究不足的.

研究的目的:

  • 调查母婴出生率与未成年人中早产率之间的关联.
  • 检查这种关联如何因自我报告的种族和种族而异.

主要方法:

  • 在全国范围内,使用国家卫生统计中心出生记录 (2014-2019) 的横截面研究.
  • 包括8,590,988个年龄在15-44岁之间的无双生个体,有单个活产.
  • 分析过早分娩 (<37周) 和非常过早分娩 (<32周) 的比率,按出生时间和种族/民族分层.

主要成果:

  • 总体而言,非美国出生的个人与美国出生的个人 (10.9%) 相比,年龄标准化早产率 (10.2%) 较低.
  • 发现了显著的差异:非美国出生的日本人 (aOR,0.69) 和非西班牙裔黑人 (aOR,0.74) 的比例较低.
  • 相反,非美国出生的太平洋岛民 (aOR,1.15) 和在波多黎各出生的波多黎各人 (aOR,1.07) 的比例更高.

结论:

  • 非美国出生的身份与整体早产率较低有关.
  • 种族和民族群体内部存在相当大的异质性,这突显了对细微的公共卫生战略的需要.
  • 亚洲和西班牙裔子组的分类数据揭示了特定的差异和保护因素.