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群体间同理心偏见的预期在儿童早期就会出现
Rodney Tompkins1, Katie Vasquez2, Emily Gerdin2
1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego.
Journal of experimental psychology. General
|November 13, 2023
概括
人们期望共感偏见,偏爱自己的团体. 幼儿对外部群体表现出更多的同情心,而年长的孩子和成年人预计,当团体彼此不喜欢时,Schadenfreude会出现.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 集团间关系 集团间关系
背景情况:
- 群体间的同情偏见是指倾向于与自己的群体 (内部群体) 比与其他群体 (外部群体) 更多地同情.
- 了解这些偏见的发展轨迹对于理解社会认知和群体间动态至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查对儿童和成人群体间同情偏见的期望.
- 检查跨群体关系 (敌意与亲切) 如何影响这些期望.
- 在预测对外人群的同情反应方面识别发育差异.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项预先注册的研究,共有618名参与者 (356名3-12岁儿童和262名成年人) 来自美国.
- 评估了参与者对人们对群体内和群体外财富和不幸的感受的预测.
- 群体间的关系被操纵,包括敌意和爱情的条件.
主要成果:
- 参与者在同情心中强烈预期群体内偏好,预测对群体内幸运的感觉更好,对群体内不幸的感觉更糟.
- 在群体间的敌意条件下,对同情偏见的期望更强,在感情条件下更弱.
- 观察到显著的发育差异,特别是关于对外群不幸的感觉的期望.
结论:
- 对群体间的同情偏见的期望在发育的早期出现.
- 幼儿 (3-5岁) 普遍预期对外群体有同情心,而年长的孩子 (9-12岁) 和成年人则预期在存在群体间敌意时会出现Schadenfreude.
- 积极的群体间关系可能会削弱对同情偏见的预期.
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