在生命周期可持续性评估中评估短期供应中断影响――电动汽车的案例研究
Marcus Berr1, Roland Hischier1, Patrick Wäger1
1Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Environmental science & technology
|November 13, 2023
概括
SPOTTER方法识别了电动汽车 (EV) 供应链风险,发现干扰往往来自发展中国家. 这项研究强调了电动汽车和采购的关键漏洞,并提出了缓解策略.
科学领域:
- 供应链管理 供应链管理
- 生命周期可持续性评估 生命周期可持续性评估
- 电动汽车 (EV) 技术技术
背景情况:
- 关于电动汽车供应链中断的现有研究往往忽视了整个供应链的影响,仅集中在原材料采购上.
- SPOTTER方法提供了一种用于评估供应链短期 (<5年) 漏洞的新方法.
研究的目的:
- 应用SPOTTER方法来分析瑞士电动汽车 (EV) 部件供应链中断的影响.
- 确定特定的供应链热点和与电动汽车的和相关的整体风险.
- 为已识别的供应链风险提出减缓措施.
主要方法:
- 将SPOTTER方法应用于电动汽车的和供应链.
- 对六个供应中断事件的分析:地缘政治不稳定,童工限制,贸易壁垒,价格波动,有限的回收能力和经济资源枯竭.
- 评估两个影响类别:成本变化和有限的可用性.
主要成果:
- 供应链中断主要来自亚洲,非洲和其他发展中国家,对西方经济产生重大影响.
- 关键的风险领域包括电动汽车的供应,电动汽车的布线,引电池,粉和矿石.
- 该研究指出了整个供应链内的特定漏洞,超出了原材料提取.
结论:
- 该SPOTTER方法有效地识别了电动汽车的关键供应链漏洞,特别是在和方面.
- 从这项综合分析中得出的缓解策略比以前的研究提供了更有针对性的解决方案.
- 解决发展中国家经济中断问题对于确保西方电动汽车供应链至关重要.
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