年轻运动员的能量和巨量营养素摄入量:系统性审查和元分析
Lisa Lehmann1, Magali Giacomoni1, Giovanna Del Sordo1
1Laboratoire IAPS, Université de Toulon - Campus de La Garde, Toulon, France.
International journal of sports medicine
|November 13, 2023
概括
年轻的运动员比非运动员消耗更多的能量和碳水化合物,差异取决于训练时间和运动类型. 老年运动员与非运动员同龄人相比,他们的能量摄入差距较小.
科学领域:
- 运动营养 运动营养
- 儿科运动医学 儿科运动医学
- 营养流行病学 营养流行病学
背景情况:
- 了解年轻运动员和非运动员之间的营养差异对于优化成长和表现至关重要.
- 之前的研究对这一人口群体的能量和宏观营养素摄入差异产生了不同的结果.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析年轻运动员 (8-18岁) 和非运动员之间能量和宏观营养素摄入量的差异.
- 研究年龄,性别和运动特征对这些饮食差异的影响.
主要方法:
- 18项观察性研究的系统综述和元分析,比较饮食摄入量.
- 平均差异 (MD) 的元分析被用来量化摄入差异.
- 根据训练时间,运动类型和年龄进行了子组分析.
主要成果:
- 与非运动员相比,运动员表现出更高的能量 (MD=4.65kcal/kg/d) 和碳水化合物摄入量 (MD=1.65%的总能量).
- 增加训练时间扩大了碳水化合物摄入量的差异,减少了蛋白质摄入量的差异.
- 混合体育运动员的蛋白质摄入量高于耐力和动力运动员的蛋白质摄入量.
结论:
- 年轻运动员通常消耗更多的能量和碳水化合物,其变化受训练负载和运动纪律的影响.
- 年龄适度的能量摄入差异,老年运动员显示较小的差距.
- 方法上的局限性需要进一步的严格研究,以准确地定义年轻运动员和非运动员的饮食模式.
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