内分泌干扰剂和甲状腺健康
1Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
概括
无处不在的环境内分泌干扰化学物质 (EDC) 干扰甲状腺激素功能,尤其对孕妇和婴儿构成风险. 需要新的方法来评估EDC混合物和神经发育影响,以及限制暴露的法规.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景情况:
- 甲状腺内分泌干扰化学物质 (EDC) 广泛存在,其来源包括水,空气,农药和消费品.
- 接触这些化学物质是常见的,许多EDC仍然未被识别,使健康风险评估复杂化.
- 甲状腺激素对早期大脑发育至关重要,使孕妇和婴儿特别容易受到甲状腺功能障碍的影响.
研究的目的:
- 审查甲状腺EDCs的来源,机制和健康影响.
- 突出了解EDC健康影响的挑战,由于共同暴露和不具特征的化学物质.
- 强调需要先进的方法来评估EDC混合物和神经发育影响.
主要方法:
- 对已识别的甲状腺EDC及其暴露途径的文献综述.
- 分析EDCs对甲状腺激素合成,运输,新陈代谢和作用的影响.
- 讨论弱势群体和加剧EDC效应的因素.
主要成果:
- EDC通过各种机制干扰甲状腺激素通路.
- 孕妇,婴儿,缺个体以及甲状腺自身免疫或特定遗传突变的个体对甲状腺干扰的脆弱性增加.
- 由于不同程度的EDC暴露,健康差异可能会加剧.
结论:
- 先进的方法,包括高通量测定和EDC混合物的in silico方法,对于准确的风险评估至关重要.
- 开发检测EDC对神经发育影响的方法至关重要.
- 虽然个人预防措施有帮助,但对制造业和饮用水的监管措施是必要的,以保护人口.
相关概念视频
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
4.7K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
4.7K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones
2.8K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
2.8K
Major Hormones and Their Functions
450
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
450
Target Cell Response to Hormones
3.1K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
3.1K
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
3.5K
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
Humoral...
3.5K
Structures of the Endocrine System
7.6K
The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
7.6K


