相关实验视频
Updated: Jul 11, 2025
09:41
Quantifying Fitness Costs in Transgenic Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
Published on: September 15, 2023
844
一个具有很大的效果的生命历史等位基因缩短了野生昆虫种群的发育时间
Shixiong Cheng1, Chris G C Jacobs1, Elisa A Mogollón Pérez1,2
1Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Nature ecology & evolution
|November 13, 2023
概括
科学家们发现了一种遗传删除,加速了昆虫的发展,这对于适应气候变化至关重要. 这一发现揭示了一种关键的生命历史等位基因,影响了发展时间和昆虫的健康状况.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 发育时间是影响健康状况的关键生命史特征.
- 由于气候变化引起的生态不匹配,昆虫面临选择以适应发育时间.
- 适应性发育时间的遗传基础在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 研究昆虫发育时间快速适应的遗传基础.
- 为了确定特定的遗传变异驱动胚胎发育速度的变化.
- 了解发育可塑性的进化机制,以应对环境压力.
主要方法:
- 在为改变胚胎发育选择的Tribolium castaneum种群上进行了进化和再序列实验.
- 用全基因组测序和基因表达分析来确定遗传点.
- 用RNA干扰 (RNAi) 查和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑来验证基因功能.
主要成果:
- 改变发育时间的选择导致甲虫种群之间的差异很大.
- 一个关键的ecdysone降解酶Cyp18a1上游的222bp删除被确定为一个主要的选择目标.
- 缺失基因的重建通过推进胚胎ecdysone峰值加速了幼虫的发育,但导致生育能力降低.
结论:
- 一个单一的删除等位基因显著影响胚胎发育时间和幼虫发育速度.
- 这项研究揭示了一种对发育时间有很大影响的生命史等位基因,并强调了这种特征在自然昆虫种群中的可变性.
- 这些发现提供了关于昆虫适应环境变化的基因机制的见解.
相关概念视频
01:29Life Histories
18.0K
Overview
18.0K
02:41Lethal Alleles
15.5K
Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
15.5K
01:21Frequency-dependent Selection
22.0K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
22.0K
01:46Types of Selection
40.5K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
40.5K
02:27Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
6.5K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
6.5K
01:07Speciation Rates
21.2K
Overview
21.2K