研究工程生产技术中使用的聚合物粉末的火灾和爆炸特性
Richard Kuracina1, Zuzana Szabová1, Eva Buranská1
1Institute of Integral Safety in Trnava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ul. Jána Bottu 2781/25, SK-917 24 Trnava, Slovakia.
Polymers
|November 14, 2023
概括
这项研究确定了聚合物粉末 (如聚胺12和UHMW聚乙烯) 的火灾和爆炸参数. 结果表明聚烯是安全的,而另一些则需要针对工业安全采取防爆措施.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 化学工程是化学工程的重要组成部分.
- 工业安全 工业安全 工业安全
背景情况:
- 聚合物越来越多地通过注射成型和增材制造等方法在工程生产中使用.
- 开发和表征聚合物特性,包括消防安全,对于工业应用至关重要.
- 粉状聚合物可以创造爆炸性气氛,需要进行安全评估.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定聚胺12,聚烯和超高分子量聚乙烯粉末的火灾和爆炸参数.
- 评估这些聚合物粉末在工程生产技术中使用的安全性.
- 为设计有效的防爆策略提供数据.
主要方法:
- 用颗粒度计,X射线,FTIR和TGA对聚合物样本进行表征.
- 确定火灾参数,包括下级爆炸性极限 (LEL),最大爆炸压力和爆炸常数 (Kst).
- 与现有的数据库信息进行比较分析 (例如,GESTIS-DustEx).
主要成果:
- 聚烯粉被发现是不易燃的,安全的使用.
- 聚胺12的下级爆炸极限为30g·m−3,最大爆炸压力为6.76bar,Kst为116.6bar·m·s−1.1.
- UHMW聚乙烯的下级爆炸极限为60g·m−3,最大爆炸压力为6.47bar,Kst为97.1bar·m·s−1.1.
结论:
- 聚合物粉末,特别是聚胺12和UHMW聚乙烯,存在易燃性和爆炸风险.
- 了解特定的聚合物火灾参数对于安全的工业加工至关重要.
- 实施防爆措施,如通风和使用防爆材料,对于危险的聚合物是必要的.
相关概念视频
01:02Flame Photometry: Overview
621
Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
621
02:35Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes
7.9K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
7.9K
01:14Polymer Classification: Architecture
2.7K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
2.7K
01:21Polymer Classification: Crystallinity
2.9K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
2.9K
01:16Flame Photometry: Lab
252
In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
252
02:34Polymers
35.8K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
35.8K