美国食品和药物管理局对药物开发的特殊名称:孤儿,快速通道,加速批准,优先审查和突破性治疗
Daniel Tobias Michaeli1,2, Thomas Michaeli3,4,5, Sebastian Albers6
1Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. danielmichaeli@yahoo.com.
概括
美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 提供特殊名称,以加快治疗严重疾病的药物开发. 虽然这些名称加速了市场进入,并提供了更大的临床益处,但它们与较不稳固的试验,更多的副作用和更高的价格有关.
科学领域:
- 药物经济学和药物开发
- 监管科学与政策 监管科学与政策
背景情况:
- 美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 已经建立了五个特殊名称,以加快针对严重疾病的药物开发,以满足未满足的医疗需求.
- 这些途径包括孤儿药物指标,快速通道,加速批准,优先审查和突破性治疗指标.
研究的目的:
- 审查FDA对药物开发的五个特殊指标.
- 分析它们对药物安全,疗效,临床试验,创新,经济激励,开发时间表和定价的影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了关键词搜索,以确定分析FDA特殊名称影响的研究.
- 分析的重点是安全性,疗效,临床试验,创新,经济激励,开发时间和定价.
- 结果被合成成一个叙事概述.
主要成果:
- 加快批准缩短了药物上市时间,但与更多未被认可的不良事件和营销后安全性修订有关.
- 特别批准的临床试验通常使用小型,非随机的,开放式标签设计,批准后的试验经常被推迟或没有启动.
- 经过特殊途径批准的药物显示出更大的创新和临床益处,是罕见疾病药物开发的可行经济战略,由于激励措施,加快时间表和更高的价格,尽管人们担心未经证实的益处和成本效益.
结论:
- 特别的FDA指定有效地缩短了治疗罕见和严重疾病的药物的临床开发和批准时间.
- 这些药物提供了增强的临床益处,但通常是根据不那么强大的试验获得批准的,带有未知的副作用的风险,并且与更高的成本有关.
- 医生,患者和保险公司对这些权衡的认识至关重要.
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