分析欧盟的碳排放趋势. 一种分解和脱的方法
Vincenzo Bianco1, Furio Cascetta2, Sergio Nardini2
1Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope - Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80133 Napoli, Italy.
The Science of the total environment
|November 14, 2023
概括
欧盟的碳排放量在1995-2019年间大幅下降,实现了与经济增长的强烈脱. 技术和气候因素导致减排,而社会经济因素增加了排放.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 能源政策 能源政策
背景情况:
- 欧盟 (EU) 已致力于雄心勃勃的气候目标,需要对碳排放驱动因素有深入的了解.
- 研究经济增长与碳排放之间的关系对于可持续发展政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析欧盟27国在1995年至2019年的碳排放趋势.
- 使用逻辑平均分数指数 (LMDI) 分解碳排放,并使用塔皮奥的方法识别脱因素.
- 区分技术,气候和社会经济因素对排放的影响.
主要方法:
- 关于排放分解的对数平均分数指数 (LMDI).
- 塔皮奥的脱分析方法.
- 分析了七个关键指数:碳强度,能源结构,能源强度,气候,人均GDP,人口分布和演变.
- 欧盟27国 (1995-2019) 的综合和国家层面分析.
主要成果:
- 欧盟27国碳排放量从1995年到2019年减少了689万.
- 技术因素减少了1723的排放量;气候因素减少了362的排放量.
- 社会经济因素导致1397万的增长,这表明了显著的抵消效应.
结论:
- 欧盟27国实现了强脱 (指数 -0.4),这意味着排放量减少与GDP增长并发.
- 技术和气候因素是减排的关键,但日益增长的社会经济压力需要有针对性的政策干预.
- 具体国家分析和时间分期分解为量身定制的气候战略提供了细微的见解.
相关概念视频
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling
1.1K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.1K
The Carbon Cycle
38.0K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
38.0K
Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
6.4K
The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified...
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified...
6.4K
Variability: Analysis
144
Measures of variability are statistical metrics that reveal the dispersion pattern within a dataset. They are pivotal in biostatistics, providing insights into the heterogeneity within health and biological data. Variability signifies the degree to which data points diverge from one another, helping researchers understand the potential range of values and associated uncertainty within the data.
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
The range is a simple measure of variability, indicating the difference between the highest and...
144
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview
218
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
218
Global Climate Change
24.4K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.4K


