大多数非洲病毒研究中都缺乏关于蝙蝠作为水库宿主的强有力的证据:审查和呼吁优化采样和保护蝙蝠
Natalie Weber1,2, Martina Nagy3, Wanda Markotter4
1Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany.
Biology letters
|November 15, 2023
概括
非洲蝙蝠经常与人类新出现的疾病有关. 本次审查评估了科学证据,发现需要改进研究方法和沟通,以支持蝙蝠保护和减少人蝙蝠冲突.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 非洲面临着不断出现的动物源传染病爆发.
- 蝙蝠经常被怀疑是可传染给人类的病毒的存储库.
研究的目的:
- 综合审查和评估将非洲蝙蝠与引起人类疾病的病毒联系在一起的证据.
- 评估非洲蝙蝠现有病毒学研究的质量.
- 为未来的研究提出最佳实践建议,并改善科学传播.
主要方法:
- 对162篇论文 (1978-2020年) 的系统审查,详细介绍了非洲的蝙蝠病毒发现.
- 蝙蝠采样,生态数据收集,病毒检测方法和研究设计的分析.
- 评估假定病毒与宿主关系的证据质量,使用Orthoebolavirus和Orthomarburgvirus作为案例研究.
- 审查科学传播框架及其对公众看法的影响.
主要成果:
- 在采样的蝙蝠物种中发现了差距,记录了生态数据,以及研究中的方法一致性.
- 作为水库或桥梁宿主,蝙蝠的证据质量的突出变化.
- 展示了科学语言如何影响公众对蝙蝠的看法.
- 为评估病毒与宿主之间的关联提供了一个框架.
结论:
- 目前的证据需要进行批判性评估;改进的研究设计和元数据是必不可少的.
- 需要更清晰的科学沟通,以减轻公众对蝙蝠的负面看法.
- 建议加强病毒学监测和蝙蝠保护战略,以尽量减少人类与蝙蝠之间的冲突.
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