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影响小麦化肥效率的关键因素的全球评估:最近的一次元分析 (2000-2022)

Solomon Yokamo^1,2, Muhammad Irfan^1,2, Weiwei Huan^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in plant science

|November 15, 2023

概括

在小麦中提高使用效率 (NUE) 是关键. 这一全球元分析表明,最佳的率和管理实践,如根区向化肥,可以提高产量,同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响.

科学领域:

农业学是一种农业学.
土壤科学土壤科学
植物科学植物科学

背景情况:

利用效率 (NUE) 对可持续农业至关重要,但在不损失产量的情况下优化它仍然是一个挑战.
之前对 (N) 肥料影响的元分析往往是特定于区域的,限制了对影响小麦生产和N效率的因素的全球理解.
需要进行全面的全球分析,以确定小麦有效的管理策略.

研究的目的:

对影响小麦化肥效率的因素进行全球的元分析.
确定最佳的率,并确定影响小麦产量和回收效率 (REN) 的关键环境和土壤变量.
为提高小麦产量和NUE提出先进的N管理策略.

主要方法:

一项对2000年至2022年间发表的109项同行评审研究的元分析,涵盖全球156个实验地点.
分析涵盖不同土壤纹理 (粗,中,细) 和特定地点的共同变量 (如气候和土壤特性) 的数据.
统计分析以确定N率,收益率,REN和影响因素之间的关系.

主要成果:

化肥显著影响小麦产量,在150-300公斤N ha-1.1时观察到的最大改善.
根据应用方法,产量增加有所不同:直接加入土壤 (92.18%),化学/有机组合 (87.55%) 和分割应用 (72.86%).
在特定的气候条件下 (MAP > 800 mm,MAT < 15 °C) 和初始的土壤营养水平 (AN < 20,AP < 10,AK 100-150 mg kg−1) 发生了最佳产量反应.
全球REN平均为49.78%,随着供应增加和土壤特性改善,呈现下降趋势,表明效率下降.

结论:

肥对于小麦产量至关重要,但最佳的速率和应用方法对于最大限度地提高效率至关重要.
特定地点的因素,包括气候和土壤属性,显著影响N肥的有效性.
推采用先进的策略,如"根部向化肥",以改善NUE,降低成本并保持高产量.

关键词:

肥料管理的管理方法这是一个元分析.的比率的比率恢复效率回收效率的回收效率申请分成两个部分.小麦收益率小麦收益率

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