混合方法比较对自闭症和精神分裂症的耻辱以及人第一对身份第一语言的影响
Desiree R Jones1, Noah J Sasson1
1Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|November 15, 2023
概括
精神分裂症比自闭症引起更多的恐惧和社会距离,尽管这两种情况都面临比一般临床诊断更大的偏见. 年轻成年人对自闭症和精神分裂症的误解仍然存在.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 对自闭症个体的耻辱是有记录的,但与其他耻辱化的残疾相对的看法不太了解.
- 精神分裂症是一种高度耻辱化的疾病,具有与自闭症相似的社会认知特征,是耻辱研究的有价值的比较.
- 之前的研究表明,自闭症患者可能比精神分裂症患者更受欢迎,但潜在的看法仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查年轻人如何看待不同的诊断标签,特别是自闭症和精神分裂症,与一般临床条件相比.
- 探索有助于对自闭症和精神分裂症的差异感知的意志思想和态度.
- 在大学本科生中发现与自闭症和精神分裂症相关的误解.
主要方法:
- 采用混合方法的方法,涉及533名大学本科生.
- 参与者填写了关于诊断标签 (自闭症相关,精神分裂症相关,一般临床状况) 的感知问卷和关于他们的想法的开放式问题.
- 在诊断类别中比较了定量数据,并在开放式响应中使用了主题分析.
主要成果:
- 与自闭症相比,精神分裂症与感知到的恐惧,危险和对社会距离的偏好更大.
- 自闭症和精神分裂症的标签都引起了比一般临床状况更大的偏见.
- 关于自闭症的反应比关于精神分裂症或一般临床状况的反应更有变化,参与者报告了不同的态度和误解 (例如,萨文特综合征).
结论:
- 这些发现提供了对非自闭症个体对自闭症和精神分裂症的看法的细微了解.
- 精神分裂症的感知是以恐惧和社会距离为特征,而自闭症的感知更为多样化.
- 结果可以为有针对性的干预措施提供信息,以改善人们对自闭症的态度,并减少与这两种情况相关的耻辱感.
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