工业人机交互的职业安全和健康相关风险和机会:从文献和实践中得出的结果
Eva Heinold1, Miriam Funk1, Susanne Niehaus1
1Unit Human Factors and Ergonomics, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dortmund, Germany.
Frontiers in robotics and AI
|November 15, 2023
概括
工业自动化中的机器人系统提供了好处,但也带来了风险. 这项研究分析了科学文献和工人的期望,发现心理社会影响是关键因素,组织因素往往被忽视.
科学领域:
- 工业自动化和人机交互. 人机交互.
- 在先进的机器人技术中,职业安全与健康 (OSH).
- 社会技术系统分析. 社会技术系统分析.
背景情况:
- 机器人系统越来越多地集成到工业环境中,这导致了新形式的人机交互.
- 技术进步需要全面了解相关的职业安全和健康 (OSH) 风险和好处.
- 现有的研究往往侧重于技术方面,不太重视工人的观点和组织影响.
研究的目的:
- 对工业任务自动化中的机器人系统相关的风险和机遇进行多方面的分析.
- 将科学文献的发现与工人对人机交互的期望相结合.
- 为以人为中心的工作场所设计和职业安全与保障.
主要方法:
- 关于通过机器人系统实现任务自动化和职业安全安全的五项系统性审查和元分析 (492项主要研究) 的文献综述.
- 提取的文献和27名制造业工人的调查数据的定性内容分析.
- 使用先进机器人安全与安全因素框架对发现进行分类.
主要成果:
- 职业安全与安全因素框架有效地将文献和工人调查数据分类为基本类别,具有良好的评估者间可靠性.
- 该框架的子类别没有完全捕捉到工人的复杂期望.
- 文献和工人评估都主要强调机器人系统的心理社会影响,组织因素不足.
结论:
- 工业自动化中的机器人系统对工人来说具有重大心理社会考虑.
- 需要更好地解决与机器人集成相关的组织风险和变化.
- 工人对机器人系统的初始期望通常是积极的,这强调了主动管理心理社会和组织影响的重要性.
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