经济不平等促进了人们认为成功是零和的信念
1Columbia University in the City of New York, USA.
Personality & social psychology bulletin
|November 15, 2023
概括
感知到的经济不平等推动了零和信念,个人将经济成功视为固定蛋糕. 这种看法,即使资源不是严格的零和,也会影响人们对公平和经济的看法.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 经济不平等是一个日益严重的社会问题,具有潜在的心理影响.
- 了解人们对不平等的看法如何塑造个人信仰对于社会和经济政策至关重要.
- 以前的研究已经探讨了不平等的影响,但与零和思维的具体联系需要进一步阐明.
研究的目的:
- 调查经济不平等感知与对经济成功的零和信念的认可之间的因果关系.
- 检查零和信念是否调解感知不平等对全球不公正感知的影响.
- 为了确定这些影响是否在各种人口和个人差异变量中持续存在.
主要方法:
- 综合了使用相关性和实验设计的十项研究 (N = 3,628) 的研究结果.
- 利用各种措施和操纵来评估所感知的经济不平等和零和信念.
- 对人口变量 (收入,教育,SES) 和个人差异 (意识形态,信任) 进行控制.
主要成果:
- 感知到的经济不平等大大促进了对经济成功的零和信念.
- 即使资源分配本身不是零和,这种效应也被观察到.
- 发现零和信念调解了所感知的不平等对世界不公正的看法的影响.
结论:
- 对日益扩大的经济差距的看法培养了零和心态,影响了个人对经济机会和公平的看法.
- 零和信念是关键的心理机制,将经济不平等与更广泛的不公正感知联系起来.
- 这些发现对理解社会比较具有重要的理论意义,对解决社会分裂有实际意义.
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