RNA甲基化在发育中的新兴作用
Meng-Ke Wang1, Chun-Chun Gao1, Yun-Gui Yang1,2,3
1CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
Accounts of chemical research
|November 15, 2023
概括
像N6-甲基氨酸 (m6A) 这样的RNA修饰对于发育和疾病至关重要. 测序技术的进步使其在微量样本中的作用能够更深入地探索,为生物标志物和治疗点提供了潜在的潜力.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 超过170个RNA修饰构成了表体转录组,影响RNA代谢和生理过程.
- 关键的修改包括N6-甲基亚丁 (m6A),5-甲基细胞素 (m5C),N1-甲基亚丁 (m1A) 和N7-甲基氨酸 (m7G).
- RNA修饰在发育过程中起着关键的,但越来越被认可的作用.
研究的目的:
- 审查RNA修饰在各种发育过程中的作用.
- 描述主要RNA修饰及其相关酶的特征和分布.
- 突出技术进步对测序的影响,以研究微量样本中的RNA修饰.
主要方法:
- 审查关于RNA修饰及其在开发中的功能现有的文献.
- 在真核RNA中描述m6A,m5C,m1A和m7G修饰的分布模式.
- 讨论参与RNA修饰动态的催化酶 (甲基转移酶和脱甲基酶).
- 强调开发低输入,高分辨率的测序技术.
主要成果:
- m6A是最丰富的修饰,调节mRNA代谢,并参与瘤发生和胚胎发育.
- m5C富含编码序列,并参与胚胎发育和干细胞分化.
- m1A和m7G参与翻译调节,神经发育和神经退行性疾病.
结论:
- RNA的修饰是动态调节的,在各种发育过程中起着重要的作用.
- 技术进步对于揭示RNA修饰在生物事件中的功能至关重要.
- RNA修饰具有作为候选生物标记物和各种疾病的潜在治疗点的前景.
相关概念视频
01:53RNA Stability
33.6K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
33.6K
01:20Types of RNA
5.8K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
RNA Performs Diverse...
5.8K
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
31.1K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
31.1K
01:17Transcription
22.7K
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
22.7K
02:15Experimental RNAi
6.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.1K
01:22MicroRNAs
3.0K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
3.0K