在儿童疫苗接种方面实现公平:对美国3个州的免疫计划,政策和覆盖范围的混合方法研究
Kaitlin Quirk Brumbaugh1, India J Ornelas, Francisco Rios Casas
1Population Health Initiative (Ms Brumbaugh, Mr Rios Casas, and Dr Mokdad), Health Systems and Population Health (Dr Ornelas), and Department of Health Metrics Sciences, Institute for Health Metrics Sciences (Dr Mokdad), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP
|November 15, 2023
概括
儿童疫苗接种覆盖率仍然很高,但在种族/族群之间存在差异. 改善数据和量身定制方法等干预措施是实现免疫公平和改善公共卫生的关键.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 儿童免疫对公共卫生至关重要.
- 了解疫苗接种范围的差异对于公平的健康结果至关重要.
- 之前的干预措施旨在提高儿童疫苗接种率.
研究的目的:
- 分析12年来美国社会经济和种族/民族群体的儿童疫苗接种模式.
- 确定有效的干预措施,以改善免疫公平.
- 为公共卫生实践和政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项解释性,顺序性,混合方法的研究.
- 从国家免疫调查-儿童 (NIS) (2007年和2019年) 获得的美国州和县级免疫数据的分析.
- 与北卡罗来纳州,华盛顿州和亚利桑那州的公共卫生和社区领导人的定性采访.
主要成果:
- 2007年至2019年期间,疫苗接种覆盖率保持高且稳定,种族/族群之间存在显著差异.
- 确定的主要干预措施包括改善数据质量,针对特定人群量身定制的战略,多部门合作伙伴关系和解决障碍.
- 国家政策,公共卫生资金和社区规范在疫苗公平方面发挥着关键作用.
结论:
- 疫苗接种覆盖率和公平性的持续变化存在于各州,种族/种族和社会经济地位之间.
- 利益相关者应该利用调查结果来提高覆盖率并减少健康差异.
- 公平的改进需要政策变化,改进数据基础设施,量身定制的干预措施和强大的当地伙伴关系.
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