国家类别,流离失所的官僚机构和边缘的可能性
1University of California-Los Angeles.
American sociological review
|November 16, 2023
概括
国家分类系统通过确定资源获取来创造和维持不平等. 批判性视角揭示了这些由强大的利益所塑造的类别如何影响个人,并需要纳入全球南方知识.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 公共政策 公共政策
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 国家创建的类别和分类系统对资源的获取有重大影响.
- 官僚制度利用规则和法规,这些规则和法规往往嵌入强大的利益和意识形态.
- 这些制度通过包括,排除和忽视特定的人口来延续根深蒂固的不平等.
研究的目的:
- 倡导对研究和政策中使用的正式类别进行批判性审查.
- 突出国家分类系统的构造和自然化性质.
- 鼓励对有关个人如何被国家分类的研究问题进行重构.
主要方法:
- 该研究采用了批判性的理论镜头来分析国家分类系统.
- 它探讨了规则,法规和官僚做法在维持不平等方面的作用.
- 该分析考虑了正式的类别和生活经验之间的错位.
主要成果:
- 国家分类系统不是中立的,而是积极构建和维持社会不平等.
- 这些制度通过日常实践和意识形态基础使不平等成为自然现象.
- 批判性观点可以揭露创造不平等和分类系统的系统结构.
结论:
- 对国家类别采取批判性视角对于理解和解决不平等至关重要.
- 承认类别的构造性质可以更深入地分析它们的影响.
- 整合来自全球南方的知识可以丰富理论框架,并为国家分类和不平等提供新的见解.
相关概念视频
Marcia's Theory of Identity Status
132
James Marcia's identity status model provides a framework for understanding how adolescents navigate identity formation through varying degrees of exploration and commitment. Marcia's model builds on Erik Erikson's theories of psychosocial development, focusing specifically on how adolescents reconcile individual aspirations with societal expectations. His model describes identity formation as a dynamic process where adolescents move between different states depending on their level...
132
Dissociative Disorders
119
Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
119
Significance of Displacement Current
4.6K
A displacement current is analogous to a real current in Ampère's law, participating in Ampère's law the same way as the usual conduction current. However, it is produced by a changing electric field. Displacement current is defined in terms of a time-varying electric field, and also has an associated displacement current density. By adding a term accounting for displacement current, Maxwell modified the existing Ampère's law, which is now called generalized Ampère's law.
4.6K
Displacement Current
2.8K
Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
2.8K
Manipulation and Analysis
27
GIS manipulation and analysis functions are vital for decision-making and planning. These activities range from data retrieval tasks, such as selecting information based on specific criteria, to advanced analytical techniques that address complex spatial problems.One critical GIS analysis method is overlaying, which combines multiple data layers to examine impacts. For example, overlaying a river-dammed lake boundary with road networks can identify affected infrastructure. Another common...
27
Habitat Fragmentation
17.5K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
17.5K


