公共,私人和主动运输之间的通勤者暴露于VOCs的模式间比较
Hsi-Hsien Yang1, Narayan Babu Dhital2,3, Yi Hsuan Lai1
1Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 413310, Taiwan.
Environmental monitoring and assessment
|November 16, 2023
概括
骑自行车的人在通勤期间经历了最高的挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 吸入剂量和健康风险,由于通风率更高,暴露时间更长,尽管环境度较低. 公共汽车通勤者面临与交通有关的空气污染物造成的风险最低.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 职业暴露 职业暴露
- 空气污染的毒理学
背景情况:
- 城市通勤者面临着与交通有关的空气污染物的显著暴露.
- 挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 是交通相关空气污染的主要组成部分.
- 了解不同通勤模式的暴露水平对于公共卫生至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估通勤者通过公共汽车,摩托车和自行车暴露于VOCs的情况.
- 为了估计不同旅行方式的VOC吸入剂量.
- 评估与城市通勤者的VOC暴露相关的健康风险.
主要方法:
- 测量VOC度,包括,多,乙烯和氧化 (BTEX).
- 计算了每个旅行方式检测到的VOC (VOC) 暴露度的总和.
- 估计的VOC吸入剂量基于每分钟的通风速率,暴露时间和行驶距离.
主要成果:
- 骑自行车的人每次时间和距离吸入 ΣVOC 剂量最高,其次是摩托车手,然后是公共汽车通勤者.
- ,,乙和 (BTEX) 占VOC总量的58-68%.
- 骑自行车的人面临着VOC暴露的最高致癌和非致癌健康风险,而公共汽车上下班的人面临的最低风险.
结论:
- 骑自行车的人在城市通勤期间最容易受到VOC吸入剂量和相关健康风险的影响.
- 运输基础设施规划必须整合空气质量考虑,以保护通勤者的健康.
- 需要有针对性的干预措施来减轻与交通有关的空气污染物对健康的不利影响,特别是对骑自行车的人来说.
相关概念视频
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
1.3K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.3K
Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Transit, Absorption and Dissolution Time
91
When drugs are administered extravascularly, a comprehensive evaluation through noncompartmental analysis becomes imperative. This analytical approach considers various parameters that play a crucial role in understanding the pharmacokinetics of these drugs.
One of the key parameters is the mean transit time (MTT), which refers to the total duration required for drug molecules to transit through the body. MTT is determined by calculating the ratio of the area under the moment curve to the area...
One of the key parameters is the mean transit time (MTT), which refers to the total duration required for drug molecules to transit through the body. MTT is determined by calculating the ratio of the area under the moment curve to the area...
91
Social Traps
22.3K
Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
22.3K
Respiratory Capacities
817
Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
817
Short-distance Transport of Resources
16.1K
Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
16.1K
Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood
2.0K
Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
2.0K


