关于机器学习预测分析在医疗保健中的潜在危害的开发者观点:定性分析
Ariadne A Nichol1, Pamela L Sankar2, Meghan C Halley1
1Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Journal of medical Internet research
|November 16, 2023
概括
机器学习预测分析 (MLPA) 开发人员认识到医疗保健中的潜在危害,但缺乏强大的安全程序. 有效的自我监管要求开发人员承担责任,需要教育来弥合"原则与实践"的差距.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 监管科学 监管科学
背景情况:
- 机器学习预测分析 (MLPA) 越来越多地用于医疗保健,提供了提高疗效的机会和患者伤害和侵蚀信任的风险.
- 现有的评估MLPA在医疗保健中的安全性的指南缺乏普遍接受的做法,并倾向于自我监管.
- 关于MLPA开发人员关于潜在危害的观点的研究有限,尽管它们在弥合原则和实践之间的差距方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
研究的目的:
- 了解医疗保健MLPA工具开发人员如何感知潜在的危害.
- 调查开发人员对与其MLPA产品相关的已知的危害的反应.
主要方法:
- 对来自美国15个组织的40名MLPA开发人员的采访进行了定性分析.
- 采访探讨了开发人员对潜在危害,影响因素和缓解策略的看法.
- 参与者包括数据科学家,软件工程师和不同组织类型和规模的管理人员.
主要成果:
- 开发人员承认MLPA带来的各种潜在危害,包括侵犯隐私,偏见和系统中断.
- 与MLPA特征和医疗保健/商业环境相关的已确定危害驱动因素.
- 开发人员提出了缓解策略,例如平衡性能与安全性,整合临床专业知识和培养共同价值观,尽管责任接受程度差异很大.
结论:
- 尽管认识到潜在的危害,但在医疗保健中缺乏评估和减轻MLPA风险的强有力的程序.
- 自主监管范式面临挑战,因为开发人员将某些危害视为医疗保健和商业固有的.
- 有效的自我监管需要开发人员接受安全性和有效性责任,强调需要实质性的教育来缩小"原则与实践"的差距.
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