消除麻疹的进展 - 全球,2000-2022年
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
|November 16, 2023
概括
在COVID-19大流行期间,麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率下降,导致病例和死亡人数增加. 为消除麻疹,重新努力接种儿童疫苗并加强监测至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 免疫接种 免疫接种
背景情况:
- 麻疹是一种高度传染性,可以通过疫苗预防的疾病.
- 全球消除麻疹的努力需要高人口免疫力.
- 最近的挫折阻碍了消除麻疹的进展.
研究的目的:
- 描述从2000年到2022年消除麻疹的进展情况.
- 分析COVID-19大流行对麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率和疫情的影响.
- 强调需要重新开展疫苗接种和监测工作.
主要方法:
- 对全球麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率数据 (MCV1) 的分析.
- 评估麻疹监测指标的实现情况.
- 评估估计的麻疹病例和死亡人数.
主要成果:
- 第一剂MCV覆盖率从2019年的86%下降到2021年的81%,在2022年略有恢复到83%.
- 在144个国家中,只有72个国家在2022年实现了监控目标.
- 在2021-2022年期间,估计麻疹病例增加了18%,死亡人数增加了43%.
- 尽管有挫折,2000年至2022年期间,疫苗接种避免了5700万例死亡.
结论:
- 与COVID-19大流行相关的干扰导致了麻疹控制的重大挫折.
- 免疫接种覆盖率低于最佳水平,使数百万儿童变得脆弱.
- 需要采取紧急行动,扭转覆盖率的下降,加强监测,以实现麻疹的消除.
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