[结核病接触者追踪建议 - 更新2023年]
Roland Diel1,2,3, Cornelia Breuer4,3, Lena Bös5
1Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel.
概括
结核病的接触追踪旨在找到感染链并防止传播. 干扰素释测试 (IGRA) 和结核素皮肤测试对于儿童是有效的,对于确诊的感染,建议采取特定的预防疗法.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 临床微生物学 临床微生物学
背景情况:
- 接触者追踪对于结核病 (TB) 控制至关重要,通过识别感染链来补充活跃病例的发现.
- 有效的接触追踪需要根据接触类型和持续时间仔细选择个人,以准最近感染的人.
- 最近的进展为使用干扰素-释放试验 (IGRA) 在儿科结核病接触追踪中提供了改进的数据.
研究的目的:
- 概述结核病接触者追踪策略的最新建议.
- 详细说明IGRA和结核素皮肤测试 (TST) 在儿科结核病接触追踪中的作用和等价性.
- 讨论接触者确认结核病感染的推预防疗法.
主要方法:
- 审查目前关于结核病接触者追踪的数据和指导方针.
- 对儿童结核病感染的诊断测试 (IGRAs与TST) 的比较分析.
- 对结核病接触者的基于证据的预防治疗方案的摘要.
主要成果:
- 对于成人结核病的接触追踪,偏好使用干扰素-释放试验 (IGRA).
- 无论是IGRAs还是结核素皮肤检测都被认为是儿童结核病查的等效.
- 推的预防疗法包括4个月的利芬素,3个月的利芬素和异化,或9个月的异化.
结论:
- 更新的指南支持在儿科结核病接触追踪中使用IGRA和TST.
- 建议采用特定的预防治疗方案,以减少结核病的传播和疾病的进展.
- 讨论了各种环境中的实施考虑,法律方面和挑战.
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