改善自闭症识别和支持出生时被指定为女性的个体:临床建议和研究优先事项
Meng-Chuan Lai1, Anouck Amestoy2, Somer Bishop3
1Child and Youth Mental Health Collaborative at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
The Lancet. Child & adolescent health
|November 16, 2023
概括
由于生物学因素和偏见,自闭症在男性中更频繁地被诊断出来. 本综述强调了在女性中识别自闭症的挑战,并提出了公平照顾的解决方案.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 研究研究
- 性别和健康差异的差异.
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 在男性中比女性更频繁地被诊断出来.
- 出生时被分配为女性 (AFAB) 的自闭症个体面临着严重的健康差异,包括延迟诊断和缺乏支持.
- 这些差异与识别偏见和AFAB个体中ASD的各种表现有关.
研究的目的:
- 审查在AFAB个体中识别自闭症的挑战.
- 提出改善自闭症个体健康和福祉的临床和研究方向.
- 为解决自闭症患者面临的健康不平等和临床挑战.
主要方法:
- 一篇基于国际小组审查的观点文章.
- 该小组由临床医生,科学家和有自闭症经历的人组成.
- 讨论的重点是认可挑战和提出未来方向.
主要成果:
- 认知挑战源于认知差异,AFAB个体的ASD表现不同,临床医生偏见 (预期,性别,自闭症相关) 和社会决定因素.
- 自闭症AFAB个体经常经历迟到或错过的诊断.
- 不足够的支持系统加剧了健康差异.
结论:
- 专业发展对于临床医生来说至关重要,以改善公平的自闭症评估和早期识别AFAB个体.
- 医疗保健系统,专业协会和管理机构必须支持这种培训.
- 在教育,医疗保健和社会融入方面提供量身定制的支持对于自闭症患者的福祉至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
100
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
100
01:26Modeling in Therapy
89
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
89
01:30Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
34
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
34