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相关概念视频

Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

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In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
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Confidence Coefficient01:24

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The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under...
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Interpretation of Confidence Intervals01:19

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A confidence interval is a better estimate of the population than a point estimate, as it uses a range of values from a sample instead of a single value.
Confidence intervals have confidence coefficients that are crucial for their interpretation. The most common confidence coefficients are 0.90, 0.95, and 0.99, which can be written as percentages–90%, 95%, and 99%, respectively.
Suppose a person calculates a confidence interval with a confidence coefficient of 0.95. In that case, they can...
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Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals00:54

Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals

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The confidence interval is the range of values around the mean that contains the true mean. It is expressed as a probability percentage. The interpretation of a 95% confidence interval, for instance, is that the statistician is 95% confident that the true mean falls within the interval. The upper and lower limits of this range are known as confidence limits. The confidence limits for the true mean are estimated from the sample's mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical factor...
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An unbiased point estimate is often insufficient to predict a population estimate, such as population mean or population proportion. In this scenario, a confidence interval is used. A confidence interval is an estimate similar to a  sample proportion. However, unlike the point estimate which is a single value, the confidence interval  contains a range of values. These values have lower and upper limits, known as confidence limits, and can be designated as L1 and L2, respectively.
A...
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Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

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Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 11, 2025

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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更具体的反:为什么对反的"信心"太模糊了

Maxwell Uetz1, Sonia Ananthakrishnan2, Asher Tulsky3

  • 1Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118.

Postgraduate medical journal
|November 16, 2023
PubMed
概括

医学教育中的反应该是可操作和具体的,而不是基于"信心". 这种主观反可能会带来偏见和情感伤害,促使人们呼吁暂停使用. 教师应该把重点放在可观察的行为上.

关键词:
一般医学一般医学.内部医学是内科的专业.医学教育和培训 医学教育和培训

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科学领域:

  • 医学教育 医学教育
  • 医疗保健专业发展
  • 临床技能评估 临床技能评估

背景情况:

  • 高质量的反对于学员发展至关重要.
  • 当前的反实践可能包括主观的元素,如"信心".
  • 基于"信心"的反对学习和潜在偏见的影响尚未得到充分理解.

研究的目的:

  • 评估在医学教育中使用"信心"的实用性和潜在危害.
  • 倡导转向更客观和可操作的反方法.
  • 建议暂停基于"信心"的反,等待进一步的研究.

主要方法:

  • 对反原则进行定性分析.
  • 在主观反中讨论潜在的偏见 (性别,文化).
  • 对医疗培训中反现有文献的审查.

主要成果:

  • "信心"缺乏具体性和可行的改善步骤.
  • 基于"信心"的反可能导致主观判断和潜在的偏见.
  • 对学员的情感伤害是这种反类型的一个担忧.

结论:

  • "信心"是医学教育中反的不合适指标.
  • 建议暂停基于"信心"的反.
  • 焦点应该转向具体的,可观察的和行为反,以实现有效的学习.