在马拉维为儿童权利提供资金
Rachel Etter-Phoya1,2, Chisomo Manthalu3, Frank Kalizinje4
1Tax Justice Network, Lilongwe, Malawi. rmep1@st-andrews.ac.uk.
BMC public health
|November 17, 2023
概括
打击非法资金流动和滥用税收可以显著改善儿童获得经济和社会权利的机会. 像马拉维这样的国家的政府收入增加可能会导致在水,卫生,教育和医疗保健方面取得重大进展.
科学领域:
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 国际关系 国际关系
背景情况:
- 尽管联合国"儿童权利公约"得到广泛批准,但许多儿童仍然无法获得基本的环境,经济和社会权利.
- 可持续发展目标 (SDGs) 旨在到2030年实现可持续的未来,但许多国家的政府收入不足阻碍了进展.
- 非法金融流动,包括国际滥用税收,加剧了收入赤字,特别是在低收入国家.
研究的目的:
- 量化增加政府收入对马拉维儿童权利和可持续发展目标进展的潜在影响,相当于制税收滥用.
- 使用政府收入和发展估计模型,模拟政府收入,治理和发展成果之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 利用跨国公司滥用税收和离岸财富逃税的近期估计.
- 采用精确的计量经济学建模,特别是政府收入和发展估计模型,与政府人均收入的面板数据.
- 模拟了增加收入对治理和实现可持续发展目标的进展的影响.
主要成果:
- 减少马拉维的跨境滥用和逃税可能会增加政府收入,从而每年改善12.000人和2万人的基本饮用水和卫生设施.
- 这种收入增长还可能导致每年额外的5000名儿童上学,150名额外的儿童存活率和10名额外的母亲存活率.
- 这些发现凸显了解决儿童权利和发展非法资金流的切实好处.
结论:
- 加强儿童的经济和社会权利需要解决全球治理税收方面的差距.
- 建立一个全球机构来仲裁和监督国际税务事务至关重要.
- 马拉维可以采取国内行动,减轻全球治理的弱点,保护自己免受非法金融流动和税收滥用.
相关概念视频
01:43Sustainable Development
13.3K
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
13.3K
00:55Parental Care
11.7K
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
11.7K
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
3.3K
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is...
3.3K
02:34Water and Mineral Acquisition
33.1K
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
33.1K
01:30Primary Healthcare Services
1.4K
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
1.4K
01:28International Nursing Organizations II
1.0K
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
1.0K