不自愿持有,法院命令的监护人,以及美国国家枪支背景检查系统的国家报告要求
Marian E Betz1,2, Deirdre M Bowen3,4, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar4,5,6
1Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.
JAMA health forum
|November 17, 2023
概括
国家法律在向国家立即犯罪背景调查系统 (NICS) 报告心理健康禁令方面存在很大差异,这可能会阻碍枪支暴力预防工作.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 卫生法 法律 卫生法
背景情况:
- 枪支暴力是美国的主要公共卫生问题.
- 公共共识支持限制高风险个人使用枪支.
- 国家立即犯罪背景调查系统 (NICS) 旨在防止被禁止的人购买枪支.
研究的目的:
- 分析报告精神健康禁止者的州级要求对NICS的变化.
- 评估州法律如何处理报告有暴力风险的精神健康状况的个人.
主要方法:
- 一项横截面研究审查了来自美国所有50个州和华盛顿特区的法规.
- 针对NICS报告任务,分析了2021年会议颁布的立法.
- 为了进行比较,使用了三个假设案例,这些人因心理健康问题而面临枪支暴力的风险.
主要成果:
- 39个州要求5个允许NICS报告非自愿精神病医院住院.
- 13个州强制要求5个州允许报告法院确定的精神无能.
- 只有两个州强制报告短期紧急精神病治疗; 5个州和华盛顿特区缺乏明确的立法.
结论:
- 在州NICS报告精神健康禁止者的法律中存在显著的异质性和缺乏清晰度.
- 这种变化引发了人们对NICS在防止法庭认定暴力风险的个人获得枪支的有效性方面的担忧.
- 政策影响包括需要标准化报告以提高公共安全.
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