对医疗成像中的人工智能方法的可解释性和可解释性的范围审查
Mélanie Champendal1, Henning Müller2, John O Prior3
1School of Health Sciences HESAV, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland; Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland.
European journal of radiology
|November 17, 2023
概括
医学成像中的可解释的人工智能 (XAI) 正在快速增长,重点是MRI,CT和肺部和大脑疾病的放射学. 标准化术语对于未来的XAI开发至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 计算机科学 计算机科学
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 在医学成像 (MI) 中的整合为提高诊断准确性和效率提供了显著的潜力.
- 然而,许多人工智能模型的"黑盒子"性质阻碍了临床采用,需要开发可解释的人工智能 (XAI) 方法.
- XAI旨在使临床医生能够理解AI决策,培养信任,并促进AI工具转化为临床实践.
研究的目的:
- 对医疗成像 (MI) 应用的可用可解释的人工智能 (XAI) 方法进行全面的范围审查.
- 确定MI内部XAI应用的趋势,包括成像模式,病理,解释类型和所处理的任务.
- 突出XAI在医学成像领域的挑战和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 按照乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的方法进行了系统的范围审查.
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Embase,Web of Science等) 进行了搜索. 对于2017年以后以英语和法语出版的研究.
- 两个独立的审查员选并根据与XAI和MI相关的预定义纳入标准选择了研究.
主要成果:
- 共有228项研究符合纳入标准,这表明XAI在MI方面的出版物显著增加.
- 磁共振成像 (MRI),放射学和计算机断层扫描 (CT) 是最常见的向模式,主要针对肺和大脑病理,包括COVID-19和阿尔茨海默病.
- 视觉和数字解释是最常见的格式,主要采用后期和本地解释方法. 与可解释性相关的术语仍然不一致.
结论:
- 医学成像中的XAI是一个快速扩展的领域,重点是MRI,CT和放射学,用于诊断和预测各种病理.
- 主要使用视觉和数值解释,以及本地方法,反映了当前使人工智能模型更易于解释的趋势.
- 标准化术语和考虑用户需求对于推动医学成像XAI和确保其有效临床实施至关重要.
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