耳中缺陷的中央机制:探索对语音理解和执行功能的影响
Nick Sommerhalder1, Patrick Neff2, Zbyněk Bureš3
1Evolutionary Neuroscience of Language, Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Hearing research
|November 18, 2023
概括
患有慢性主观耳的人因中枢执行功能受损而在杂环境中难以理解语音,而不是基本的听力能力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 慢性主观耳声往往与理解语言的困难有关,特别是在杂的环境中.
- 虽然基本的听觉处理可能是完整的,但认知缺陷,特别是执行功能,在耳患者中越来越被认可.
- 据假设,中央听觉处理和执行功能是声中语音噪音挑战的基础.
研究的目的:
- 调查与健康对照人群相比,慢性主观耳患者的中央听觉处理和执行功能是否受损.
- 确定这些认知领域的缺陷是否与在不利的听力条件下语音理解困难相关.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及25名耳患者和25名年龄,性别,教育和听力匹配的对照者的横截面研究.
- 综合的听力学评估,包括基本的语音识别和语音在噪音 (SIN) 任务.
- 认知测试侧重于执行功能,包括干扰控制,抑制和工作记忆 (Stroop,Flanker和其他任务).
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,声参与者在SIN和封闭语音任务中得分明显较低.
- 在基本的听觉感知任务或语音识别值方面没有发现任何显著的群体差异.
- 耳患者在干扰控制 (Stroop任务) 中表现出缺陷,但在其他执行功能指标中没有.
结论:
- 在患有慢性主观耳的人群中,在噪音中语音可理解性的缺陷得到证实.
- 干扰控制的性能受损表明,在耳中,中央执行系统存在缺陷.
- 这些发现支持了中央执行系统功能障碍导致 tinnitus 语音理解困难的理论.
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