绘制肯尼亚菌风险的地图及其对撒哈拉以南非洲地区控制策略的影响
James M Akoko1, Athman Mwatondo2,3,4, Mathew Muturi2,3,5
1International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. jamesakoko@yahoo.com.
Scientific reports
|November 19, 2023
概括
牛病影响到肯尼亚6.8%的牛群,干旱地区和较大的牛群的风险更高. 这项研究绘制了疾病患病率的地图,以指导肯尼亚.
科学领域:
- 兽医流行病学 兽医流行病学
- 疾病生态学 疾病生态学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 撒哈拉以南非洲地区的菌病控制受到缺乏政府承诺和可靠的人口数据的阻碍.
- 有效的政策需要准确的国家流行数据和风险绘图,如布鲁塞拉 spp. 疾病的风险. 在牛群中.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定国家Brucella spp.的流行率. 在肯尼亚的牛群中.
- 开发一个Brucella spp.的风险地图. 在牛群中,以告知到2040年消除疾病的计划.
- 确定与Brucella spp.相关的关键风险因素. 在牛和牛群中呈阳性.
主要方法:
- 随机生成了肯尼亚农业生态区的268个地理位置,用于牛采样.
- 从6593头牛中采集样本,并向所有者发送问卷.
- 使用酶链接免疫吸收试验 (ELISA) 检测抗体和贝叶斯推理进行空间分析和流行率映射.
主要成果:
- 国家布鲁塞拉 spp. 在牛群中,患病率为6.8% (95% CI:6.2-7.4%).
- 血清流行率因农业生态区而异,在非常干旱的地区达到8.5%的峰值.
- 较高的血清发病率与较大的群体大小,雌性和成年动物以及堕胎等生殖问题的历史有关.
结论:
- 乳病在肯尼亚广泛传播,特别是在干旱/半干旱的牧场地区.
- 风险因素包括群体大小,动物人口统计和生殖健康史.
- 调查结果为风险分层干预提供了基础,以支持肯尼亚的兽病控制政策.
相关概念视频
Malaria
Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
American Trypanosomiasis
Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...


