事件发生前的依恋焦虑和避免预测创伤后压力症状严重程度 - 一项基于人口的纵向研究的结果
Lutz Wittmann1, Sonja Protić2, Mark Bosmans3
1International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Stromstraße 1, 10555 Berlin, Germany.
Journal of anxiety disorders
|November 19, 2023
概括
不安全的依恋方式可以预测成年人的创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 症状. 创伤前的依恋焦虑和避免影响创伤后应激障碍的严重程度和创伤事件后的缓解.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 创伤研究 创伤研究
背景情况:
- 依恋理论认为,早期的关系模式会影响成年人的情绪调节和对压力的反应.
- 不安全的依恋,以焦虑或回避为特征,与精神病理学有关,但其对一般人群中创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的预测作用需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 检查事件前的依恋倾向 (焦虑和回避) 对一般成年人群中PTSD症状的发展和过程的预测价值.
- 为了确定是否依恋风格独立预测PTSD症状严重程度和缓解随着时间的推移,控制相关的共变量.
主要方法:
- 长度研究涉及270名荷兰成年人在2010年评估依恋倾向,焦虑和抑郁症 (T0).
- 在2012年3个时间点 (T1,T2,T3) 对前一年发生的创伤事件进行了PTSD症状评估.
- 潜增长曲线建模用于分析依恋方式和PTSD症状轨迹之间的关系,调整性别,年龄和事件前的精神病理.
主要成果:
- 附着焦虑显著预测了更高的初始PTSD症状严重程度 (T1).
- 避免依恋与较低的初始PTSD症状水平有关.
- 附着焦虑也预测了随着时间的推移,PTSD总得分的缓解程度更大,可能是由于回归到平均值.
- 结合起来,依恋焦虑和回避解释了7.4%的初始PTSD严重程度的变异和6.0%的PTSD缓解.
结论:
- 不安全的依恋倾向是一般人群中PTSD症状的重要预测因素.
- 创伤前的因素,特别是依恋方式,对于预测创伤后的压力至关重要.
- 在与创伤幸存者合作时,临床评估和干预应考虑依恋方向,以改善结果.
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