超越同情心:认知能力增加或制中儿童时期的利他主义
Lucie Rose1, Klara Kovarski2, Florent Caetta3
1Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75006 Paris, France.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|November 19, 2023
概括
像注意力和抑制控制这样的认知技能会影响孩子的利他行为,但它们的影响会随着年龄的增长而变化. 在这项法国儿童研究中,同理心并没有预测利他主义.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 无私的行为,定义为无私地造福他人,在人类一生中普遍存在.
- 虽然同情心经常被认为是利他主义的驱动力,但认知过程也可能发挥重要作用.
研究的目的:
- 研究视觉分析,注意力,抑制控制和思想理论对儿童利他主义意图和行为的独特贡献.
- 为了检查这些认知因素如何预测利他主义在儿童中期的不同发育阶段.
主要方法:
- 一个由67名法国儿童 (平均年龄9.92岁) 组成的样本参与了这项研究.
- 评估了认知能力,包括视觉分析,注意力,抑制控制和思维理论.
- 贝叶斯分析被用来确定认知因素对利他主义意图和行为的预测力,包括行为评估的独裁者游戏.
主要成果:
- 在年幼的儿童中,视觉分析和选择性注意力预测了利他主义的意图,而抑制性控制预测了利他主义的行为.
- 思想过程理论在最年轻的孩子中负面预测了利他主义行为.
- 在年长的孩子中,提高注意力和抑制控制与较低的利他主义意图和行为有关.
- 没有发现同情心是利他主义意图或行为的重要预测因素.
结论:
- 认知能力,而不是同情心,是中儿童时期利他主义意图和行为的关键预测因素.
- 认知因素对利他主义的影响随着年龄的增长而演变,这表明利他主义决策的潜在机制的发展转变.
- 随着孩子的成熟,社会约束和复杂的推理似乎调节了认知技能和利他主义行为之间的关系.
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