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相关概念视频

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

178
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

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Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
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System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
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相关实验视频

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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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隐藏工作记忆的项目是从长期记忆中检索的吗?

Chang Mao Chao1, Chenlingxi Xu1, Vanessa Loaiza2

  • 1University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)
|November 20, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在工作记忆 (WM) 中转换注意力并不依赖于长期记忆 (LTM) 检索. 重新激活潜伏的WM项目会影响WM性能,但不会影响随后的LTM准确性,从而挑战基于LTM的理论.

关键词:
活动-沉默.年龄化的衰老.潜伏的潜伏性 潜伏的潜伏性长期记忆 长期记忆 长期记忆在反向排列,反向排列.工作记忆 工作记忆

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Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 人类的记忆 人类的记忆

背景情况:

  • 在工作记忆 (WM) 中的项目之间转移注意力对于认知至关重要.
  • 在WM中管理注意力的基本机制,特别是暂时无人看护的项目,仍然不太了解.
  • 一个假设表明,保留和重新激活这些功能.
  • 潜伏的潜伏性 潜伏的潜伏性
  • 项目涉及长期记忆 (LTM) 检索过程,即使是短暂的延迟.

研究的目的:

  • 调查是否偶发的LTM检索过程参与了WM中潜在项目的重新激活.
  • 通过检查WM性能和随后的LTM对重新激活的项目来测试潜伏WM的LTM帐户.
  • 为了比较这些影响在年轻人和老年人之间,在WM延迟期间的全注意力和分割注意力条件下.

主要方法:

  • 采用了两项,双回复的WM任务.
  • 参与者将注意力从特定的WM项目中转移,然后重新激活.
  • 随后的LTM测试对重新激活,持续保留和控制项目的识别记忆 (项目,位置,关联) 进行了评估,并给出了可信度等级.

主要成果:

  • 重新激活潜伏的WM项目显著影响了WM的性能.
  • 老龄化和注意力分裂也影响了WM的表现.
  • 重要的是,这些WM操纵与控制对象相比,对于重新激活的项目,这些WM操纵与后续的LTM性能没有相互作用或系统地改变.

结论:

  • 这些发现使WM和LTM分离,表明WM的重新激活不依赖于LTM的检索.
  • 这些结果与潜伏WM的LTM解释相矛盾.
  • 这些数据更符合WM的动态处理模型,强调主动操纵而不是被动的LTM存储.