隐藏工作记忆的项目是从长期记忆中检索的吗?
Chang Mao Chao1, Chenlingxi Xu1, Vanessa Loaiza2
1University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
概括
在工作记忆 (WM) 中转换注意力并不依赖于长期记忆 (LTM) 检索. 重新激活潜伏的WM项目会影响WM性能,但不会影响随后的LTM准确性,从而挑战基于LTM的理论.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类的记忆 人类的记忆
背景情况:
- 在工作记忆 (WM) 中的项目之间转移注意力对于认知至关重要.
- 在WM中管理注意力的基本机制,特别是暂时无人看护的项目,仍然不太了解.
- 一个假设表明,保留和重新激活这些功能.
- 潜伏的潜伏性 潜伏的潜伏性
- 项目涉及长期记忆 (LTM) 检索过程,即使是短暂的延迟.
研究的目的:
- 调查是否偶发的LTM检索过程参与了WM中潜在项目的重新激活.
- 通过检查WM性能和随后的LTM对重新激活的项目来测试潜伏WM的LTM帐户.
- 为了比较这些影响在年轻人和老年人之间,在WM延迟期间的全注意力和分割注意力条件下.
主要方法:
- 采用了两项,双回复的WM任务.
- 参与者将注意力从特定的WM项目中转移,然后重新激活.
- 随后的LTM测试对重新激活,持续保留和控制项目的识别记忆 (项目,位置,关联) 进行了评估,并给出了可信度等级.
主要成果:
- 重新激活潜伏的WM项目显著影响了WM的性能.
- 老龄化和注意力分裂也影响了WM的表现.
- 重要的是,这些WM操纵与控制对象相比,对于重新激活的项目,这些WM操纵与后续的LTM性能没有相互作用或系统地改变.
结论:
- 这些发现使WM和LTM分离,表明WM的重新激活不依赖于LTM的检索.
- 这些结果与潜伏WM的LTM解释相矛盾.
- 这些数据更符合WM的动态处理模型,强调主动操纵而不是被动的LTM存储.
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