在句子理解过程中,在招募语法分析和语义合理性方面的年龄差异
1Beijing Foreign Studies University.
The Journal of general psychology
|November 20, 2023
概括
老年人更多地依赖语义可信性,少依赖语法分析来理解句子,特别是在工作记忆负载高的情况下. 这种与年龄相关的转变凸显了认知策略的差异.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语言学的语言学.
背景情况:
- 句子的理解依赖于语法分析和语义合理性.
- 认知衰老可能会影响语言处理策略.
- 工作记忆负载是影响认知表现的关键因素.
研究的目的:
- 调查在句子理解过程中使用语法分析和语义合理性的年龄相关差异.
- 检查不同的工作记忆负载如何影响这些与年龄相关的差异.
主要方法:
- 对年长和年轻的成年人进行了句子判断任务.
- 刺激的语义可信度 (可信/不可信) 和语法一致性 (一致/不一致) 不同.
- 工作内存负载通过呈现条件 (高/低) 进行操纵.
主要成果:
- 较年长的成年人表现出比较年轻的成年人更强大的语义可信性效应,工作记忆负载较低.
- 对于在低负载时的语法一致性效应,没有发现显著的年龄差异.
- 与年轻人相比,在工作记忆负载较高的情况下,老年人表现出更强的语义可信性效应和较弱的语法一致性效应.
结论:
- 老年人越来越依赖语义可信性,随着工作记忆负载的增加,他们越来越少依赖语法分析.
- 这些发现表明,与年龄相关的句子理解策略发生了变化,在认知负载下偏好语义线索而不是语法线索.
- 这项研究强调了衰老,工作记忆和语言处理机制之间的动态相互作用.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
01:22Language Development
369
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
369
01:42Schemas
11.6K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
11.6K
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
90.2K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
90.2K
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
34
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
34
01:27Language and Cognition
352
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
352
03:26Framing Effects
7.4K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.4K