出生顺序对承担风险的影响仅限于家庭环境
Tomás Lejarraga1,2, Daniel D Schnitzlein3,4, Sarah C Dahmann4,5,6
1Departament d'Economia de l'Empresa, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|November 20, 2023
概括
出生顺序对承担风险的影响是不一致的,因为它们仅限于童年. 随着兄弟姐妹离开家庭,这些心理影响逐渐消失,在成年后消失.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 兄弟姐妹的互动和出生顺序被认为会影响人格和行为.
- 关于出生顺序影响的先前研究产生了不一致的经验证据,特别是在成人冒险方面.
- 具体上下文学习假设表明,这些影响可能仅限于家庭环境.
研究的目的:
- 调查出生顺序对冒险倾向的影响的一致性.
- 测试出生顺序对承担风险的影响是否特定于家庭环境,并随着年龄的增长而减弱.
- 为了协调有关出生顺序心理学的文献中不一致的发现.
主要方法:
- 利用了两个大规模的纵向调查数据集:德国社会经济小组 (SOEP) 和全国青少年至成人健康纵向研究 (NLSCYA).
- 采用规范曲线分析,对出生顺序对跨越广泛年龄段 (从童年到中年) 的风险承担的影响进行了可靠的研究.
- 分析了来自德国和美国的49,621个观察结果的综合样本.
主要成果:
- 发现在10-13岁儿童中,出生顺序对冒险倾向的影响显著且普遍存在.
- 这些效应表明,随着年龄的增长,这些效应明显下降.
- 出生顺序对风险承担的影响在成年中期消失了,这证实了它们的特定环境性质.
结论:
- 该研究得出结论,家庭动态影响出生顺序对冒险行为的影响.
- 这些影响是暂时的,仅限于在家庭环境中度过的童年和青春期.
- 这些发现支持了特定于背景的学习假设,并解释了先前关于出生顺序心理学的经验证据的不一致性.
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