前额叶皮层中奖励暗示表现的差异是青少年和成年人奖励动机的基础
Gabriela Manzano Nieves1, Rachel M Rahn1, Saba N Baskoylu2
1Department of Psychiatry and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|November 21, 2023
概括
青少年的大脑表现出高度的奖励寻求,这是由于过度活跃的中间前额叶皮层 (mPFC),而不是低活跃的. 这挑战了以前关于青少年大脑发育和奖励处理的观点.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 产后大脑发育通常被视为逐渐获得成人功能.
- 中间前额叶皮质 (mPFC) 对于奖励学习和行为控制至关重要,在整个产后发育过程中成熟.
- 与成年人相比,青少年寻求奖励的行为较高,可能与mPFC低活性和减少冲动控制有关.
研究的目的:
- 研究青少年奖励处理过程中中介前额叶皮层 (mPFC) 的活动.
- 为了测试青少年mPFC是低活性的,并行使较少的自上而下的控制的假设.
- 探索奖励线索和结果的mPFC神经元编码的发育差异.
主要方法:
- 利用一种新的2光子成像平台在体内记录mPFC活动.
- 从生命早期开始就采用了一个操作奖励调节任务.
- 应用化学遗传学来抑制青少年和成人受试者的GABAergic神经元.
主要成果:
- 青少年mPFC表现出对奖励线索的过度反应,与低活性假说相反.
- 截然不同的神经元群体在整个发育过程中编码了奖励线索,在青春期对没有奖励线索的沉默表示.
- 抑制GABAergic神经元减少了青春期的动机,但不是在成年期.
结论:
- 与奖励相关的青少年mPFC活动不会随着年龄的增长而逐渐增加;它对奖励刺激有过度反应.
- 青少年的mPFC通过与成年人质量不同的机制编码奖励线索和结果.
- 研究结果表明,有新的,针对发育的策略可以调节青少年寻求奖励的行为.
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